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1、MANAGEMENTTasks,Responsibilities,PracticesPETERF.DRUCKERTRUMANTALLEYBOOKS/E.P.DUTTON/NewYork1Copyright©1986byPeterF.Drucker.Allrightsreserved.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Muchofthematerialinthisbookhasbeenpublishedelsewhereinslightlydifferentform;seeAcknowledg-ments,page...Chapter18,“PayingtheP
2、rofessionalSchools”(originallytitled“ProfessionalSchoolsOughttoReapSomeofTheirGraduates’Earnings”),copyright©1982byTheChronicleofHigherEducation.Reprintedwithper-mission.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopy,recording,oranyinforma
3、tionstorageandretrievalsystemnowknownortobeinvented,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher,exceptbyareviewerwhowishestoquotebriefpassagesinconnectionwithareviewwrittenforinclusioninamagazine,newspaper,orbroadcast.PublishedintheUnitedStatesbyTrumanTalleyBooks•E.P.Dutton,aDivisionofNewAmericanLibr
4、ary,2ParkAvenue,NewYork,N.Y.10016LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataDrucker,PeterFerdinand,1909-Thefrontiersofmanagement.Includesindex.1.Management.2.Industrialmanagement.I.TitleHD38.D7713198665886-8004ISBN0-525-24463-8PublishedsimultaneouslyinCanadabyFitzhenry&WhitesideLtd.,TorontoCOBEDE
5、SIGNEDBYEARLTIDWELL10987654321FirstEdition2Preface:TheAlternativetoTyrannyItisfashionabletodaytotalkofarevoltagainstauthorityandtoproclaimthateverybodyshould“dohisownthing.”This,then,Ihavetoadmit,isamostunfashionablebook.Itdoesnottalkaboutrights.Itstressesresponsibility.Itsfocusisnotondoingone’sownt
6、hingbutonperformance.Oursocietyhasbecome,withinanincrediblyshortfiftyyears,asocietyofinstitutions.Ithasbecomeapluralistsocietyinwhicheverymajorsocialtaskhasbeenentrustedtolargeorganizations—fromproducingeconomicgoodsandservicestohealthcare,fromsocialsecurityandwelfaretoeducation,from,thesearchfornew
7、knowledgetothepro-tectionofthenaturalenvironment.Itisunderstandablethatthesuddenrealizationofthischangeinthecrystalstructureofsocietyhasevokedanangryresponse,“Downwithorganization!”Butitisthewrongre-s
