英语国家社会与文化入门

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1、THESOCIETYANDCULUTREOFGREATBRITAINIntroductionBritishHistoryBritishPoliticalSystemIndustryandEconomyLiteratureandCultureReligionsandBeliefsEducationIntroduction:NaturalandHumanGeographyLandandPeopleI.DifferentNamesforBritainanditsParts1.Geographicalnames:th

2、eBritishIsles,GreatBritainandEngland.2.Officialname:theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.3.TheBritishIslesaremadeupoftwolargeislands-GreatBritain(thelargerone)andIreland,andhundredsofsmallones.4.ThreepoliticaldivisionsontheislandofGreatBritain:E

3、ngland,ScotlandandWales.(1)EnglandisinthesouthernpartofGreatBritain.Itisthelargest,mostpopuloussection.(2)ScotlandisinthenorthofGreatBritain.Ithasthreenaturalzones(theHighlandsinthenorth；theCentrallowlands；thesouthUplands)Capital:Edinburgh(3)Walesisinthewes

4、tofGreatBritain.Capital:Cardiff(4)NorthernIrelandisthefourthregionoftheUK.Capital:Belfast.5.TheCommonwealth(ofnations)isafreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritain.Itwasfoundedin1931,andhas50membercountriesuntil1991.II.GeographicalFe

5、atures1.GeographicalpositionofBritain:Britainisanislandcountrysurroundedbythesea.ItliesintheNorthAtlanticOceanoffthenorthcoastofEurope.ItisseparatedfromtherestofEuropebytheEnglishChannelinthesouthandtheNorthSeaintheeast.2.ThenorthandwestofBritainaremainlyhi

6、ghlands；andtheeastandsoutheastaremostlylowlands.III.RiversandLakesBenNevisisthehighestmountaininBritain(1,343m).SevernRiveristhelongestriverinBritain(338km).ThamesRiveristhesecondlongestandmostimportantriverinBritain.(336km).LoughNeaghisthelargestlakeinBrit

7、ainwhichislocatedinNorthernIreland.(396squarekilometres).RiverClydeisthemostimportantriverinScotland.SnowdoniaisthehighestmountaininWales.（1,085m）IV.Climate1.Britain''sfavorableclimateBritainhasamaritimeclimate-wintersarenottoocoldandsummersarenottoohot.Ith

8、asasteadyreliablerainfallthroughoutthewholeyear.Thetemperaturevarieswithinasmallrange.2.ThefactorsinfluencetheclimateinBritain:1）Thesurroundingwaterstendtobalancetheseasonaldifferencesbyheatingupthelan