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1、TED：睡眠不足会发生什么？ In1965,17year-oldhighschoolstudentRandyGardnerstayawakefor264hours,that's11days,toseehowhe'dcopewithoutsleep.Ontheseconddayhiseyesstoppedfocusing.Nexthelosttheabilitytoidentifyobjectsbytouch.Bydaythree,Gardnerwasmoodyanduncoordinated.Attheendoftheexperiment,hewass
2、trugglingtoconcentrate,hadtroublewithshorttermmemory,became paranoid andstarted hallucinating.AlthoughGardnerrecoveredwithoutlongterm psychological orphysicaldamage,forotherslosingshut-eyecanresultin hormone imbalance,illness,andextremecases,death.We'reonlybeginningtounderstandwh
3、ywesleeptobeginwith,butwedoknowit'sessential.Adultsneed7to8hourssleepatnight,and adolescents needabout10. 1965年，17岁的高中生兰迪加纳德持续264小时，也就是11天不睡觉，想看看会发生什么。在持续不睡的第二天，他的眼睛停止了聚焦。随后，他丧失了通过触摸鉴别事物的能力。到了第三天，加纳德变得焦躁且笨拙。实验结束时，他已经不能集中注意力。短期记忆力出现问题，变得偏执且开始出现幻觉。虽然实验并未对加纳德造成任何心理或生理上的长期损伤，但对有些
4、人来说，不睡觉会导致激素分泌失调，疾病甚至死亡。一开始我们只是意识到人类需要睡眠。却不知道其根本原因。成年人每晚需要7至8小时的睡眠，青少年则需要10小时。 Wegrowsleepyduethesignalsfromourbodytellingourbrainwearetired,andsignalsfromtheenvironmenttellingusit'sdarkoutside.Theriseinsleepinducingchemicals,like adenosine and melatonin,sendusintoalightdosethat
5、growsdeeper. Makingourbreathingandheartrateslowdownandourmusclesrelax.ThisnonREMsleepiswhenDNAisrepairedandourbodies replenish themselvesforthedayahead.IntheUnitedStates,it'sestimatedthat30%ofadultsand66%ofadolescentsareregularly sleep-deprived.Thisisn'tjusta minorinconvenience.S
6、tayingawakecancauseseriousbodilyharm.Whenwelosesleep,learning,memory,mood,andreactiontimeareaffected. Sleeplessness mayalsocause inflammation, hallucinations,highbloodpressure,andit'sevenbeenlinkedto diabetes and obesity,in2014,adevotedsoccerfandiedafterstayingawakefor48hrstowatc
7、htheworldcup.Whilehisuntimelydeathwasduetoa stroke,studiesshowthat chronically sleepingfewerthan6hoursanightincreasingstrokeriskby4.5times,comparedtothosegettingconsistent7to8hoursofshut-eye.Forahandfulofpeopleontheplanetwhocarryarareinheritedgenetic mutation,sleeplessnessisadail
8、yreality.Thisconditionisknownasfatalfami
