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1、Chapter1Communication:AnInterculturalPerspectiveNeedsandpurposesforcommunication:Survival/Co-operation/Personalneeds/Relationships/Persuasion/Power/Socialneeds/Information/Makingsenseoftheworld/Self-expressionCommunicationisaformofhumanbehaviorderivedfroma
2、needtoconnectandinterestwithotherhumanbeings.Communicationoccurswhenevermeaningisattributedtobehaviorortheresidueofbehavior.Businesscommunication,asakindoforganizationalcommunication,istheexchangeoforal,nonverbal,andwrittenmessageswithin(andacrossthebounda
3、riesof)asystemofinterrelatedandinterdependentpeopleworkingtoaccomplishcommontasksandgoals.Alsodefinedas:adynamic,multi-channeledprocess,whichcoversinternalcommunicationinagivenorganization.Characteristicsofcommunicationare:dynamic(动态),irreversible(不可撤回),sy
4、mbolic(符号性),systemic(系统性),self-reflective(自我反映),interactive(involveatleasttwopeople)(互动的，交流至少牵扯到两个因素),complex(复杂).Interculturalbusinesscommunication(IBC)isdefinedascommunicationamongindividualsorgroupsfromdifferentculturalbackgroundsinabusinessenvironment.
5、It’salsodefinedasarelativelynewterminthebusinessworldandisdefinedascommunicationwithandbetweenbusinessthatinvolvespeoplefrommorethanoneculture.Interculturalcommunication(IC)includes:Internationalcommunication(betweennationsandgovernments)Interethniccommuni
6、cation(sameracebutdifferentethnic)Interracialcommunication(exchangingmessagesarefromdifferentraces)Interregionalcommunication(exchangeofmessagesbetweenmembersofthedominantculture)ICasaphenomenonhasthefollowingfeatures:Universal/longhistory/dailyoccurrenceT
7、hecomplexityinlearningIBC:Avoidanceoftheunfamiliar/Uncertaintyreduction/Withdrawal/Stereotyping(刻板印象)/Prejudice/Racism(种族主义)/Misuseofpower(权力滥用)/Cultureshock(fourstages:honeymoon,cultureshock,recovery,adjustment,re-entry/reverse)/Ethnocentrism(从其他文化的角度去评判他
8、人)补充：ethnocentric(认为自己的文化是最好的，并用它去评判他人)Howdoyouacquirestereotypes?1.Peoplelearnstereotypesfromtheirparents,relatives,andfriends,(learningstereotypes)2.Stereotypesdevelopthroughlimitedpersonalcontact(fromlimit
