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1、AmericanRomanticismAmericanromanticismisoneofthemostimportantperiodsinthehistoryofAmericanliterature.Itstretchedfromthebeginningof19thcenturytotheendofthecivilwar.ItstartedwiththepublicationofWashingtonIrving’sTheSketchBookandendedwithWaltWhitman’sLeavesofGrass
2、.Itwasarebellionagainsttheobjectivityofrationalism.Forromantics,thefeelings,andintuitionsandemotionsweremoreimportantthanreasonandcommonsense.Theyemphasizedindividualism,placingtheindividualismagainstthegroup.Theyaffirmedtheinnerlifeoftheself,andcherishedstrong
3、interestinthepast,thewild,theremote,themysteriousandthestrange.DarkRomanticismDarkromanticismisaliterarysub-genrethatemergedfromtheTranscendentalphilosophicalmovementpopularinnineteenth-centuryAmerica.WorksinthedarkromanticspiritwereinfluencedbyTranscendentalis
4、m,butdidnotentirelyembracetheideasofTranscendentalism.SuchworksarenotablylessoptimisticthanTranscendentaltextsaboutmankind,nature,anddivinity.TheimportantwritersofdarkromanticismincludeEdgarAllanPoe,NathanielHawthorne,HermanMelville,andEmilyDickinson.LocalColor
5、ismLocalColorismisauniquevariationofAmericanliteraryrealism.Generally,theworksbylocalcoloristsareconcernedwiththelifeofasmallregionorprovince.Thiskindoffictiondepictsthecharactersfromaspecificsettingorofanarea,whicharemarkedbyitscustoms,dialects,landscape,oroth
6、erpeculiaritiesthathaveescapedstandardizingculturalinfluence.Theytendtoidealizeandglorify,buttheyneverforgottokeepaneyeonthetruthfulcoloroflocallife.PsychologicalrealismItreferstoarealisticwritingthatprobesdeeplyintothecomplexitiesofcharacters’thoughtsandmotiva
7、tions.HenryJamesisconsideredthefounderofpsychologicalrealism.Hiswritingsindicatethatrealityliesintheimpressionsmadebylifeonthespectator,andnotinanyfactsofwhichthespectatorisunaware.Suchrealismisthereforemerelytheobligationthattheartistassumestorepresentlifeashe
8、seesit,whichmaynotbethesamelifeasit“really”is.HenryJames’novelTheAmbassadorsisarepresentativeworkofpsychologicalrealism.StreamofconsciousnessItisatermcoinedbyWilliamJamesinP
