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《Albion College Geology Guide_How to Read a Scientific Paper》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、AlbionCollegeGeologyGuide:HowtoReadaScientificPaperCharlesDarwinsaid,“Insciencethecreditgoestothemanwhoconvincestheworld,nottothemantowhomtheideafirstoccurs.”Asascientist,oneofthebestwaystoconvincetheworldofyourideasisthroughwriting.Amajorpartofthiscoursewillinvolvereadingandwriting,bo
2、thtobeconsideredopportunitiesforyoutobecomeamorecreativeandcommunicativescientist.Scientificpapersareoneofthemostimportantwaysthatwecommunicatewitheachother.Themainpurposesofascientificpaperare(1)toreportnewresults,usuallyfield,laboratory,and/ormodeling,and(2)torelatetheseresultstoprev
3、iousknowledgeinthefield.Mostpapersyouareassignedwillbe“peer-reviewed”whichmeansthattheyhavebeencritiquedbygeologistswhoareexpertsinthesubjectofthepaper.Peer-reviewsultimatelyresultinrecommendationsto1)publishwithveryminortonochanges;2)publishwithmajorrevisionswhichwouldinmanycasesrequi
4、reanotherpeer-review;or3)notpublish.Articlesthathavenotundergonepeer-reviewareoftenreferredtoas“grayliterature”andareconsideredinherentlylesssignificantregardlessofcontent.Peer-reviewedarticlesaretypicallyreferredtoasprimaryliterature.Whilereadingprimaryliteratureisanexcellenttoolforpr
5、omotingcriticalthinkingaboutscience,itcanbetime-consumingandfrustrating.Therefore,thisguide,aswellasstudytoolsusedinthiscourse,aregearedtoenhanceyourabilitytoreadscientificpapers,tocomprehendwhatwasread,andtoretainthenewknowledgegained.OrganizationofaScientificPaperInmostscientificjour
6、nals,scientificpapersfollowastandardformat.Theyaredividedintoseveralsections,andeachsectionservesaspecificpurpose.Wefirstdescribethestandardformat,thensomevariations.ApaperbeginswithashortSummaryorAbstract.Generally,itgivesabriefbackgroundtothetopic;theabstract/summarydescribesconcisel
7、ythemajorfindingsofthepaper;andrelatesthesefindingstothefieldofstudy.ThenextsectionofthepaperistheIntroduction.Inmanyjournalsthissectionisnotgivenatitle.Asitsnameimplies,thissectionpresentsthebackgroundknowledgenecessaryforthereadertounderstandwhythefindingsofthepaperareanadvanceonth
