3.The Quality of Petroleum Products-2009

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1、Charpter3PetroleumProductsAijunDuan2009.111Petroleumproductsareoverthousands,inChinatheywereseperatedintosixtypes:Solvent&WaxothersCokeBitumenLubricantFuel2（1）FuelsIncludinggasoline,diesel,aviationKerosene(Aviationgasoline),otherenginefuelsandlightkerosene、fueloiletc。Thetotalamountsoff

2、uelcover80％ofthetotalpetroleumproducts,theenginefuelwasabout60%；dieselandgasolineratiois2：1。3（2）LubricantsIncludinglubricatingoilandlubricatinggrease，tobeusedinthemechanicalpartsforreducingfrictionandabrasion，controllingtheenergyexhaustandextendingthemechanicallife.~2％.Numerouskinds.（3

3、）PetroluembitumenUsinginthepavingroad,constructionandwater-proof，~3％.4（4）WaxSolidhydrocarbon,~1%。（5）CokeCarbonelectrodes,~2%。（6）Solventsandrawmaterialforthechemicalindustry~10%,includingethenefeedstock－lightoil,aromaticsandothersolvents51.GasolineØIntroductionØOperatingprincipleØProper

4、tiesØEffectfactorsofexhaustemissionØTheenvironmental&emissionlegislationofvehicle61.GasolineØProtectionmeasurestopetrolengineemissionpollutionØThetrendsofultracleangasolinequalityspecificationinforeigncountriesØThedevelopmentofgasolineadditives71.1introductionØBP:<200˚Cor180˚CC4~C11ØCo

5、mpositions:Paraffins,OlefinsandAromaticsØManufacture:BlendingmixtureStraightrun；Catalyticcracking；Catalyticreforming；Hydrocracking；AlkylationPolymerization&special-purposecomponents8(Anti-icingcompounds)1.2HOWITWORKS•1.2.1Operatingprincipleofgasolineengine:•Thegasolineengineisaninterna

6、lcombustionenginewithreciprocatingpiston.•Thechemicalenergyofthefuelisconverteddirectlyintomechanicalenergybyburningitinacombustionchamberwhichisanintegralpartofengine.91.2HOWITWORKS•Theengineoperatesbyformingapre-mixtureofgasolinewithairandthenignitingthisnearlychemicallycorrect(stoic

7、hiometric)mixturewithasparkpluginthecombustionchamber.101、汽油机的构造及工作原理IntakestrokeSparkingplugFuelinjectorIntakevalveBlastgateAir-fuelCombustionmixturechamberCrankshaftPiston11strokePistonmovestothePistonmovestothetopdeadcenterbottomdeadcenterSketchofthepistonmovementsfromthetopdeadce