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1、最新托福考试2010年11月28日阅读Jazzhasbeencalled"theartofexpressionsettomusic",and"America'sgreatcontributiontomusic".Ithasfunctionedaspopularartandenjoyedperiodsoffairlywidespreadpublicresponse,inthe"jazzage"ofthe1920s,inthe"swingera"ofthelate1930sandinthepeakpopularityofmodernjazz
2、inthelate1950s.ThestandardlegendaboutJazzisthatitoriginatedaroundtheendofthe19thcenturyinNewOrleansandmoveduptheMississippiRivertoMemphis,St.Louis,andfinallytoChicago.ItweldedtogethertheelementsofRagtime,marchingbandmusic,andtheBlues.However,theinfluencesofwhatledtothose
3、earlysoundsgoesbacktotribalAfricandrumbeatsandEuropeanmusicalstructures.BuddyBolden,aNewOrleansbarberandcornetplayer,isgenerallyconsideredtohavebeenthefirstrealJazzmusician,around1891. WhatmadeJazzsignificantlydifferentfromtheotherearlierformsofmusicwastheuseofimprovisa
4、tion.Jazzdisplayedabreakfromtraditionalmusicwhereacomposerwroteanentirepieceofmusiconpaper,leavingthemusicianstobreaktheirbacksplayingexactlywhatwaswrittenonthescore.InaJazzpiece,however,thesongissimplyastartingpoint,orsortofskeletalguidefortheJazzmusicianstoimprovisearo
5、und.Actually,manyoftheearlyJazzmusicianswerebadsightreadersandsomecouldn'tevenreadmusicatall. Generallyspeaking,theseearlymusicianscouldn'tmakeverymuchmoneyandwerestuckworkingmenialjobstomakealiving.ThesecondwaveofNewOrleansJazzmusiciansincludedsuchmemorableplayersasJoeO
6、liver,KidOry,andJellyRollMorton.Thesemenformedsmallbandsandtookthemusicofearliermusicians,improveditscomplexity,andgainedgreatersuccess.Thismusicisknownas"hotJazz"duetotheenormouslyfastspeedsandrhythmicdrive. AyoungcornetplayerbythenameofLouisArmstrongwasdiscoveredbyJoe
7、OliverinNewOrleans.Hesoongrewuptobecomeoneofthegreatestandmostsuccessfulmusiciansofalltime,andlateroneofthebiggeststarsintheworld.TheimpactofArmstrongandother;talentedearlyJazzmusicianschangedthewaywelookatmusic. 1.ThePassageanswerswhichofthefollowingquestions? (a)Whyd
8、idRagtime,marchingbandmusic,andtheBlueslosepopularityafterabout1900? (b)WhatweretheoriginsofJazzandhow
