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1、LeonardodiserPierodaVinci,morecommonlyLeonardodaVinciorsimplyLeonardo(Italian:[leoˈnardodiserpiˈeroda(v)ˈvintʃi](listen);15April1452–2May1519),wasanItalianpolymathwhoseareasofinterestincludedinvention,painting,sculpting,architecture,science,music,mathematics,engineering,literature,anatomy,geology
2、,astronomy,botany,writing,history,andcartography.Hehasbeenvariouslycalledthefatherofpaleontology,ichnology,andarchitecture,andiswidelyconsideredoneofthegreatestpaintersofalltime.Leonardowasbornon15April1452(OldStyle)"atthethirdhourofthenight"intheTuscanhilltownofVinci,inthelowervalleyoftheArnoriv
3、erintheterritoryoftheMedici-ruledRepublicofFlorence.Hewastheout-of-wedlocksonofthewealthyMesserPieroFruosinodiAntoniodaVinci,aFlorentinelegalnotary,andCaterina,apeasant.Leonardohadnosurnameinthemodernsense,Theinclusionofthetitle"ser"indicatedthatLeonardo'sfatherwasagentleman.LittleisknownaboutLeo
4、nardo'searlylife.HespenthisfirstfiveyearsinthehamletofAnchianointhehomeofhismother,andfrom1457livedinthehouseholdofhisfather,grandparentsanduncle,Francesco,inthesmalltownofVinci.LeonardoreceivedaninformaleducationinLatin,geometryandmathematics.In1466,attheageoffourteen,Leonardowasapprenticedtothe
5、artistAndreadiCione,knownasVerrocchio,whoseworkshopwas"oneofthefinestinFlorence".Leonardowouldhavebeenexposedtoboththeoreticaltrainingandavastrangeoftechnicalskillsincludingdrafting,chemistry,metallurgy,metalworking,plastercasting,leatherworking,mechanicsandcarpentryaswellastheartisticskillsofdra
6、wing,painting,sculptingandmodelling.By1472,attheageoftwenty,LeonardoqualifiedasamasterintheGuildofSaintLuke,theguildofartistsanddoctorsofmedicine,butevenafterhisfathersethimupinhisownworkshop,hisattachmenttoVerrocchiowassuchthathecontinuedtocollaboratewithhim.Leonardo'searliestknowndatedworkisadr
7、awinginpenandinkoftheArnovalley,drawnon5August1473.Florentinecourtrecordsof1476showthatLeonardoandthreeotheryoungmenwerechargedwithsodomy,homosexualactsbeingillegalinRenaissanceFlorence,butacquitted.Fromthatdateuntil14
