TOEFL ibt 听力分类学术词汇

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1、地质学crust地壳mantle地幔core地核continentalcrust大陆地壳oceaniccrust海洋地壳layer/stratum地层stratigraphy地层学fault断层faultplane断层面faultzone断层带rift/crack/split断裂disintegration/decomposition分解erosion腐蚀fossil化石igneousrock火成岩sedimentaryrock沉积岩metamorphicrock变质岩limestone石灰岩granite花岗岩marble大理石li

2、thosphere岩石圈magma/moltenlava岩浆quartz石英mineral矿物ore矿石deposit矿床rubble碎石debris残骸platinum白金/铂金silver银copper黄铜aluminum铝tin锡lead铅zinc锌nickel镍mercury汞/水银sodium钠gem宝石diamond钻石emerald绿宝石ruby红宝石glacier冰川glacial冰川的glacialepoch/age/period冰川期glacialdrift冰渍moraines冰碛iceberg冰山volcano火

3、山activevolcano活火山extinctvolcano死火山dormantvolcano休眠火山(sloping)shieldvolcano盾状火山（平缓）(steep-sided)conevolcano锥状火山（陡峭）eruption火山喷发crater火山口caldera（开口较大的）火山口depression洼地，凹陷处；盆地lava火山岩浆volcanicdust火山尘volcanicash火山灰geyser间歇喷泉hotspring温泉earthquake/quake/tremor/seism地震seismic地震的

4、seismology地震学magnitude震级seismicintensityscale震烈度seismicwave地震波transversewave横波longitudinalwave纵波epicenter震中epicentraldistance震中距aftershock余震cataclysm灾变tsunami/tidal/force海啸undersealandslide海底山崩meltglobalwarming全球逐渐变暖aquifer蓄水层swamp沼泽peatbog泥炭沼泽GreatCanyon大峡谷NileRiver尼罗河

5、Coloradoriver科罗拉多河crumpleszones地质缓冲地带bedrock岩床bulge凸起物地理学hemisphere半球meridian子午线/经线parallel平行圈latitude纬线longitude经线/经度elevation海拔altitude高度/海拔horizon地平线equator赤道temperaturelatitudes温带地区tropics热带地区Arctic/theNorthPole北极Antarctic/Antarctica南极theAntarcticContinent南极洲theAnta

6、rcticCircle南极圈theArcticCircle北极圈aurora极光tropicsofCancer北回归线tropicsofCapricorn南回归线internationaldateline国际日期变更线timedifference时差timezone时区topography地形/地形学plain平原plateau/highland高地lowland低地basin盆地oasis绿洲enclave飞地peak山峰cordillera/ranges山脉carven/cave洞穴terrain地域subterranean地底下

7、coastland沿海地区coastline海岸线watershed分水岭upperreaches上游lowerreaches下游tributary支流deposit沉积spring/fountain泉水iceberg冰山riverbed河床gulf/bay海湾waterfall瀑布cascade小瀑布；喷流reef暗礁tide湖水torrent水的急流tropicalrainforest热带雨林continentalisland大陆岛volcanicisland火山岛coralisland珊瑚岛islet小岛peninsular半岛

8、archipelago群岛delta三角洲landlockedarea内陆inlandwaterway内陆河subcontinent次大陆cliff山崖valley山谷hillside/mountainslope山坡co