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1、SupercriticalFluidTechnology:stGreenChemistryforthe21CenturyCurrently,theU.S.producesmillionsoftonsofpollutioneachyear,andspendsbillionsofdollarscontrollingthispollution.1Thisdataclearlyindicatesthatsustainableeconomicgrowthwillrequiremorethanend-productenvironmentalmonitoring
2、ofexistingindustrialprocesses.Rather,theworldwidefocusontechnologydevelopmentmustincludenewindustrialprocessingmethodologythatsupportspollutionpreventionatthesource.Suchachangeinproductionmethodologywilleffectnumerousimmediateandlong-termbenefits,includingfinancial,asfewercapi
3、talinvestmentswillbenecessaryforfutureenvironmentalremediation.TheGreenChemistryprogramoftheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)wasrecentlycreatedtosupportbenignbydesignprinciplesinthedesign,manufacture,anduseofchemicalsandchemicalprocesses.2ThisDesignfortheEnvironment(DfE)progr
4、amfeaturesR&Deffortsrelatedtoinnovativetechnologies,inordertoassistindustrieswiththedevelopmentofenvironmentallybenignproductsandprocesses.SuchaninitiativeharmonizeswiththePollutionPreventionActof1990thatwascreatedtofocusonsourcereductionofpollutants;aconceptthatisoftenoverloo
5、kedduetotheindustrialfocusonwastemanagementandpollutioncontrol.In1992,theEPA'sOfficeofPollutionPreventionandToxics(OPPT)teamedupwiththeNationalScienceFoundation(NSF)tojointlyfundworldwidegreenchemistryresearch.Sinceitsinceptionin1977,theOPPThasbeenresponsibleforassuringthatche
6、micalsforuseorsaledonotposeanyadverseeffectstohumanhealthortheenvironment.Todate,theOPPT-NSFpartnershiphasawardedtensofmillionsofdollarsintheformofgrantsforfundamentalresearchingreenchemistrytogroupsthroughouttheworld.1Muchoftherecentfundinghasbeendirectedtoresearchthatexploit
7、stheuniquepropertiesofsupercriticalfluids(SCFs),asaalternativetotraditionalsolvents.1UndertheFederalResourceConservationandRecoveryAct(RCRA),industriesthatuseorganicsolventsmustcomplywithstrictregulationsconcerningon-sitestorage,recycling/disposal,andoff-sitewastetransport.3To
8、getherwiththeFederalCleanAirAct(CAA),theseregulationsareinten
