2014高考生物第一轮复习1

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1、第2讲　通过神经系统的调节Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.人体神经调节的结构基础和调节过程(Ⅱ)神经冲动的产生和传导(Ⅱ)人脑的高级功能(Ⅰ)Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfo

2、r.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.知识点一　神经调节的结构基础和反射1．反射指在________________参与下，动物体或人体对内外环境变化作出的____________2．结构基础——反射弧(1)组成：________→传入神经→________→传出神经→________(2)前提：反射活动需要有

3、__________反射弧才能完成想一想：有了完整的反射弧就一定能发生反射活动吗？答案：不一定。还需要有适宜的刺激。中枢神经系统规律性应答感受器神经中枢效应器完整的Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.知识点二　兴奋的传导(传递)

4、1．兴奋是指动物体或人体内的某些组织(如神经组织)或细胞____________后，由相对________变________________的过程2．兴奋在神经纤维上的传导(1)传导形式：________，又称神经冲动感受外界刺激静止状态显著活跃状态电信号Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0

5、.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.内负外正内正外负电位差双向传导Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.突触小体胞体膜或树突膜突触小体间隙突触后膜单向传递Evaluationonly.Createdwi

6、thAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.议一议：神经递质由突触小泡分泌至突触间隙共穿越几层生物膜？哪些细胞器参与了递质的合成与释放？答案：神经递质的释放属胞吐作用，不属跨膜运输，高尔基体参与了递质的合成与释放，线粒体则为其提供能量。Evaluationonly.Createdwi

7、thAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile5.2.0.0.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.知识点三　神经系统的分级调节1．中枢神经系统脑：大脑、脑干、小脑脊髓