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1、AnIntroductiontoSeismology,Earthquakes,andEarthStructureSethSteinDepartmentofGeologicalSciences,NorthwesternUniversity,Evanston,IllinoisMichaelWysessionDepartmentofEarthandPlanetarySciences,WashingtonUniversity,StLouis,MissouriSUBGSttingen72150713522002B1602BlackwellPublishingContentsPreface,ix
2、2.3.10Boundaryconditions,51Acknowledgments,xi2.3.11Strainenergy,522.4Seismicwaves,531Introduction,12.4.1Theseismicwaveequation,532.4.2Planewaves,541.1Introduction,12.4.3Sphericalwaves,551.1.1Overview,12.4.4PandSwaves,561.1.2Modelsinseismology,52.4.5Energyinaplanewave,611.2Seismologyandsociety,9
3、2.5Snell'slaw,621.2.1Seismichazardsandrisks,112.5.1Thelayeredmediumapproximation,621.2.2Engineeringseismologyandearthquake2.5.2Planewavepotentialsforalayeredengineering,14medium,631.2.3Highways,bridges,dams,andpipelines,182.5.3Angleofincidenceandapparentvelocity,651.2.4Tsunamis,landslides,andso
4、il2.5.4Snell'slaw,66liquefaction,192.5.5Criticalangle,671.2.5Earthquakeforecasting,202.5.6Snell'slawforSHwaves,681.2.6Earthquakeprediction,242.5.7Rayparameterandslowness,691.2.7Real-timewarnings,262.5.8Waveguides,701.2.8Nuclearmonitoringandtreaty2.5.9Fermat'sprincipleandgeometricrayverification
5、,26theory,70Furtherreading,282.5.10Huygens'principleanddiffraction,722.6Planewavereflectionandtransmission2BasicSeismologicalTheory,29coefficients,752.6.1Introduction,752.1Introduction,292.6.2SHwavereflectionandtransmission2.2Wavesonastring,29coefficients,762.2.1Theory,292.6.3Energyfluxforrefle
6、ctedand2.2.2Harmonicwavesolution,31transmittedSHwaves,772.2.3Reflectionandtransmission,322.6.4PostcriticalSHwaves,782.2.4Energyinaharmonicwave,352.6.5P-SVwavesatafreesurface,792.2.5Normalmodesofastring,362.6.6Solid-solidandsolid-liquidinterfaces,812.3Stressandstrain,382.6.7Examples,852.3.1Intro
7、duction,382.7Surfacewaves,862.3.2Stress,392.7.2Introduction,862.3.3Stressasatensor,412.7.2Rayleighwavesinahomogeneous2.3.4Principalstresses,42halfspace,872.3.5Maximumshearstressandfaulting,432.7.3Lovewavesinalayeroverahalfspace,90
