James Holmes

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1、TheoryandPrinciplesofTranslationintheWestTheNameandNatureofTranslationStudies(JamesS.Holmes)1.……Agreaterimpedimentthanthelackofagenerallyacceptednameinthewayofthedevelopmentoftranslationstudiesisthelackofanygeneralconsensusastothescopeandstructureofthediscipline.Whatconstitutesthef

2、ieldoftranslationstudies?Afewwouldsayitcoincideswithcomparative(orcontrastive)terminologicalandlexicographicalIndies;severallookuponitaspracticallyidenticalwithcomparativeorcontrastivelinguistics;manywouldconsideritlargelysynonymouswithtranslationtheory.Butsurelyitisdifferent,ifnot

3、alwaysdistinct,fromthefirsttwoofthese,andmorethanthethird.Asisusuallytobefoundinthecaseofemergingdisciplines,therehasasyetbeenlittlemeta-reflectiononthenatureoftranslationstudiesassuch—atleastthathasmadeitswayintoprintandtomyattention.OneofthefewcasesthatIhavefoundisthatofWernerKol

4、ler,whohasgiventhefollowingdelineationofthesubject:"UbersetzungswissenschaftistzuverstehenalsZusammenfassungundUberbegrifffuralleForschungsbemuhungen,dievondenPhanomenen'Ubersetzen'und'Ubersetzung'ausgehenoderaufdiesePha-nomenezielen."(Translationstudiesistobeunderstoodasacollectiv

5、eandinclusivedesignationforallresearchactivitiestakingthephenomenaoftranslatingandtranslationastheirbasisorfocus.)2.Fromthisdelineationitfollowsthattranslationstudiesis,asnooneIsupposewoulddeny,anempiricaldiscipline.Suchdisciplines,ithasoftenbeenpointedout,havetwomajorobjectives,wh

6、ichCarlG.Hempelhasphrasedas"todescribeparticularphenomenaintheworldofourexperienceandtoestablishgeneralprinciplesbymeansofwhichtheycanbeexplainedandpredicted."Asafieldofpureresearch—thatistosay,researchpursuedforitsownsake,quiteapartfromanydirectpracticalapplicationoutsideitsownter

7、rain—translationstudiesthushastwomainobjectives:(1)todescribethephenomenaoftranslatingandtranslation(s)astheymanifestthemselvesintheworldofourexperience,and(2)toestablishgeneralprinciplesbymeansofwhichthesephenomenacanbeexplainedandpredicted.Thetwobranchesofpuretranslationstudiesco

8、ncerningthemselveswiththes