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1、2006年考研英语写作讲义——孙壮LectureonEnglishCompositionforthe2006Post-graduateEntranceTest一、写作标准Criteria1考研英语大纲(Syllabus)考生应能写不同类型的应用文,包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等,还应能写一般描述性、叙述性和说明或议论性的文章。短文写作时,考生应能:1)做到语法、拼写、标点正确,用词恰当;2)遵循文章的特定文体格式;3)合理组织文章结构,使其内容统一、连贯;4)根据写作目的和特定读者,恰当选用语言。2写作对策(Strategy)1)根本问题
2、(FIRSTTHINGFIRST):词汇、语法、句式Thiscartoonvividlydepictedanembarrassingsituation:apooroldman,whohasdrawedhimselftogetherlikeaballatthecenteroffourkids,iskickedawayfromtheirrealms.Thefourchildrenseemsallcompetitiveplayersinafootballgame,guardingagainsttheirfather,whomaybringuphiskid
3、swithgreateffortandpains,fromclaiminghisrightofbeingsupportedwhenatahardlyviableage.(漏洞百出的作文,仔细看看,挑出毛病)Thecartoonvividlydepictsanunpleasingsituation:Fourdescendents,threesonsandonedaughter,allstandbeforetheirgoals,defendingagainsttheirfather,whohuddleshimselfuplikeaball,fromen
4、teringtheirownrealms.Theyallrefusetosupporttheirhelplessandhopelessfather,whohasapparentlybeenoutofmeansoflivelihoodandmayhavefosteredhischildrenwithgreateffortandatgreatpains.(更正的作文)2)如何做到恰当(FITFULNESS)A.积累地道表达方式(IdiomaticEnglish),句式应当多样化(Languageisformulaic),以使语言趋于正确。写作的水平的提
5、高来自大量阅读,美文俯拾皆是:Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodreadily.2005年考研阅读第二篇Parentsharestheirgoodwiththeirdescendantsreadilywhenthelatterarestillyoungandneedcare.Itisneverfairthat…Toserveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplanet,wemustpressforwardonde
6、eperatmosphericandoceanicresearch.Butresearchaloneisinadequate.(出处同上)Tograntseniorcitizensprosperrespect,wemustpressforwardonauniversalconcernupontheirsituation.Butconcernisinadequate.Lawsrelevantwiththeirlegitimaterightsshouldbeenforcedtogivethemaguarantee.B.范文(exemplarywriti
7、ng)≠模板(template),不要过度依赖“范文”。YOUCANNOTFLAY(扒皮,不是和母牛玩)THESAMECOWTWICE.熟悉大纲规定所有应用文模板,包括私人和公务信函(letter)、备忘录(memo)、摘要(summary/abstract)、报告(oralreport)及便笺(note)283)写作是文字游戏(wordplay)、是大脑风暴(BRAINSTORM)GOODLUCKISALWAYSWITHTHEMANWHODOESN’TINCLUDEITINHISPLAN.写作是语言使用的最高阶段,是听说读等语言能力综合应用。(W
8、ritingisaSYNTHESISratherthanaCOMPOSITION.)二、写作步骤ComposingProc