909_Small-angle-scattering-of-synchrotron-radiation-on-nanosized-CeO2-and-CeO2-SnO2-thin-films-obtained-by-sol-gel-dip-coating-method

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1、NanoStructuredMaterials,Vol.11,No.7,pp.909±915,1999ElsevierScienceLtdPergamonCopyright©1999ActaMetallurgicaInc.PrintedintheUSA.Allrightsreserved.0965-9773/99/$±seefrontmatterPIIS0965-9773(99)00390-6SMALLANGLESCATTERINGOFSYNCHROTRONRADIATIONONNANOSIZEDCeO2ANDCeO2-SnO

2、2THINFILMSOBTAINEDBYSOL-GELDIP-COATINGMETHOD11,232A.TurkovicÂ,P.DubcÆek,Z.Crnjak-OrelandS.Bernstorff1InstituteªRuderBosÏkovicº,P.O.Box1016,10000Zagreb,Croatia2SincrotroneTriesteS.c.p.A.,ss.14,km163,5Basovizza,34012Trieste,Italy3NationalInstituteofChemistry,Hajdriho

3、va19,61115Ljubljana,Slovenia(ReceivedNovember3,1998)(AcceptedSeptember29,1999)AbstractÐNanosizedCeO2,andCeO2-SnO2,100±500nmthick,filmsonglasssubstratewerepreparedusingsol-geldip-coatingmethodprocedure.Theaveragegrainsize,R.,obtainedbySAXS(small-angleX-rayscattering)

4、,variedwiththenumberofdipsfortheCeO2-SnO2samples.FortheCeO2films,obtainedbydippingit8times,,R.increasedcomparedtoCeO2-SnO2films,whichwereobtainedbythesamenumberofdips,from4.4to5.3nm.7721Specificsurfaceareasofboththesefilmswerealsodeterminedandvariedfrom0.18310to0.51

5、310cm.SAXSmeasurementsalsorevealedthelayeredstructureofCeO2andCeO2-SnO2films.©1999ActaMetallurgicaInc.IntroductionIn1990,atMatTech'90-Finland,wepresentedanAg/AgI/TiO2,SnO2rechargeable,photosensitive,electrochromicgalvaniccell(1).Itsperformancewasbasedonphotonorelect

6、ricallyinducedAg1iondiffusioninTiO2.Ourresearchwhenwasactuallyasearchforarechargeablebatteryforsolar-cellsback-up,resultedwithasolar-battery.Ourresearchwasasmallpartoftheworldwidequestforcleanandrenewableelectricalenergysources.Thisecologicalideahasencouragedlargere

7、searchactivitiesanddevelopmentinthefieldofphotovoltaicsolarcellsinthelasttwentyyears(2).ThephotosensitivecathodeinourcellwasconstructedofTiO2thinfilmontheglasssupportobtainedbyCVDandspraymethods(3,4).In1991,GraÈtzelandcoworkers(seeforexample,Ref.5)madeabreakthroughi

8、npreparinganefficientdye-sensitizedcell.Itwaspreparedwithrelativelyuncleanmaterial.Usingacheappreparationprocedure,theyreachedenergyconver