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1、®AcademyofManagementJournal2001.Vol.44,No.5,996-1004.KNOWLEDGETRANSFERININTRAORGANIZATIONALNETWORKS:EFFECTSOFNETWORKPOSITIONANDABSORPTIVEGAPAGITYONBUSINESSUNITINNOVATIONANDPERFORMANCEWENfPINTSAIPennsylvaniaStateUniversityDrawingonanetworkperspectiveonorgan
2、izationallearning,Iarguethatorganiza-tionalunitscanproducemoreinnovationsandenjoybetterperformanceiftheyoccupycentralnetworkpositionsthatprovideaccesstonewknowledgedevelopedbyotherunits.Thiseffect,however,dependsonunits'absorptivecapacity,orabilitytosuc-ce
3、ssfullyreplicatenewknowledge.Datafrom24businessunitsinapetrochemicalcompanyand36businessunitsinafood-manufacturingcompanyshowthattheinteractionbetweenabsorptivecapacityandnetworkpositionhassignificant,positiveeffectsonbusinessunitinnovationandperformance.I
4、nsideamultiunitorganization,unitscanlearnabsorbknowledgebyincreasingR&Dintensityfromeachotherandbenefitfromnewknowledge(e.g.,Cohen&Levinthal,1990),muchlessattentiondevelopedbyotherunits.Knowledgetransferhasbeenfocusedontheprocessofgainingknowl-amongorganiz
5、ationalunitsprovidesopportunitiesedgeaccess.Gettingaccesstonewknowledgere-formutuallearningandinterunitcooperationthatquiresnetworkingeffortthatisdifferentfromin-stimulatethecreationofnewknowledgeand,atthevestinginR&D.Inamultiunitorganization,aunitsametime
6、,contributetoorganizationalunits'abil-canaccessnewknovvledgethroughanetworkofitytoinnovate(e.g.,Kogut&Zander,1992;Tsai&interunitlinks(Hansen,1999).Inthisresearch,IGhoshal,1998).However,knowledgeisoftenconceptualizeanorganizationasanetworkar-"sticky"anddiff
7、iculttospread(Szulanski,1996;rangementandinvestigateaunit'saccesstoknowl-VonHippel,1994).Howcananorganizationalunitedgebyanalyzingitsnetworkpositioninitsin-gainusefulknowledgefromotherunitstoenhancetraorganizationalnetwork.Inaddition,Iarguethatitsinnovatio
8、nandperformance?bothexternalknowledgeaccessandinternallearn-Priorresearchhassuggestedthatorganiza-ingcapacityareimportantforaunit'sinnovationtionalunitsnotonlyholdspecializedknowledgeandperformance.Althoughac
