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1、INVITEDPAPERMetamaterial-InspiredEngineeringofAntennasSomeapplicationsofmetamaterialsinefficient,electricallysmallantennasarereviewedinthispaper;multibandandmutifrequencyantennasarealsodiscussed.ByRichardW.Ziolkowski,FellowIEEE,PengJin,MemberIEEE,andChia-ChingLin,StudentMemberIEEEAB
2、STRACT
3、Avarietyofantennashavebeenengineeredwithantennas[9]–[34];multifunctionalantennas[35]–[43];metamaterials(MTMs)andmetamaterial-inspiredconstructstoinfinitewavelengthantennas[44]–[46];patchantennasimprovetheirperformancecharacteristics.Examplesinclude[47]–[50];leaky-waveantennaa
4、rrays[6],[7],[51],[52];electricallysmall,near-fieldresonantparasitic(NFRP)anten-higherdirectivityantennas[53]–[57];lowprofileantennasnasthatrequirenomatchingnetworkandhavehighradiation[58]–[60]achievedwithavarietyofmodifiedgroundefficiencies.Experimentalverificationoftheirpredictedb
5、eha-planes,e.g.,artificialmagneticconductors;anddispersionviorshasbeenobtained.RecentdevelopmentswiththisNFRPengineeringoftimedomainantennas[52],[61].Theelectricallysmallparadigmwillbereviewed.Theyincludeproliferationofwirelessdevicesforcommunicationandconsiderationsofincreasedbandw
6、idths,aswellasmultibandsensorapplicationshasrestimulatedinterestinmanyandmultifunctionalextensions.differenttypesofantennas.Theoftenconflictingrequire-ments,forinstance,ofefficiency,bandwidth,directivity,weight,andcosthavemadethedesigntasksonerousKEYWORDS
7、Antennaefficiency;antennath
8、eory;electricallyforantennaengineerswithtraditionalschemes.Thesmallantennas;metamaterials(MTMs);parasitics;qualityfactorsMTM-inspiredengineeringofantennasandtheirperfor-mancecharacteristicshasprovidedanalternativeapproachI.INTRODUCTIONtoaddressingthesepressingissues.Inthispaper,theM
9、TM-inspiredengineeringofelectricallysmallantennasWhiledoublenegative(DNG)metamaterials(MTMs)werewillbeemphasized.proposedover40yearsago[1],theyhavebeenexperimen-tallydemonstratedonlyinthelastdecade[2]–[7].Theadaptationofavarietyofepsilon-negative(ENG),mu-II.MTMSHELL-BASEDANTENNASneg
10、ative(MNG),andDNGMT
