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1、Module6Eatingtogether模块语法专练被动语态英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。1.构成规则。时态结构一般现在时am/is/are+动词的过去分词一般过去时was/were+动词的过去分词一般将来时shall/will/begoingto+be+动词的过去分词现在完成时has/have+been+动词的过去分词含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词+be+动词的过去分词2.被动语态与主动语态相互转换的注意事项。(1)分清动作的执行者和承受
2、者,即分清主动语态和被动语态。如果为被动语态,按照不同时态的被动语态规则进行变化。例如:Weheardastrangenoiseyesterdayevening.昨天晚上我们听到了一个奇怪的声音。(主动语态)Astrangenoisewasheard(byus)yesterdayevening.昨天晚上一个奇怪的声音被(我们)听到了。(被动语态,hear为及物动词)(2)通常只有及物动词才有被动语态,但一些不及物动词加上介词或副词构成动词短语后也可有被动语态,此时该动词短语不可分割,我们不能丢掉后面的介词或副词。
3、(3)主动语态中使役动词make,let,have等和感官动词see,feel,hear等后常接不带to的不定式,但在被动语态中,常将to还原。例如:Thebossmadethechildrenworkovertwelvehourseverydayinthepast.在过去,老板让孩子们每天工作超过12个小时。(主动语态)Thechildrenweremadetoworkovertwelvehourseveryday(bytheboss)inthepast.在过去,孩子们被(老板)要求每天工作超过12个小时。(被
4、动语态)(4)带双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时,可将其中的一个宾语变为被动语态的主语,另一个不变。一般是把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语,如把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语,则在间接宾语前加介词for或者to。例如:我的妈妈在我10岁生日那天送了我一件礼物。Mymothergavemeapresentonmytenthbirthday.(主动语态)Iwasgivenapresentbymymotheronmytenthbirthday.(被动语态,间接宾语作主语)Apresentwasgiventomebymymothe
5、ronmytenthbirthday.(被动语态,直接宾语作主语)Ⅰ.单项填空(B)1.Lookatournewschool.It lastyear. A.builtB.wasbuiltC.isbuiltD.willbebuilt(D)2.Justinisverysurprisedthatallthehousesinthevillage white. A.paintB.paintedC.arepaintingD.arepainted(C)3.Inordertomakeourcitymorebeauti
6、ful,moretreesandflowers everyyear. A.willplantB.shouldplantC.shouldbeplantedD.plant(A)4.— freebreakfasts inallschoolsinChina? —No,notyet.Onlyintheruralareas.A.Are;servedB.Do;serveC.Are;madeD.Do;make(B)5.—Foodsafetyisveryimportant.—Sosomerules tost
7、oppeoplefrompollutingfood. A.mustmakeB.mustbemadeC.mustmadeD.bemadeⅡ.根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空1.—Claudia,areyougoingtoJeff’sbirthdaypartyonSaturday?—UnlessI aminvited (invite). 2.—IamafraidthatIcan’tfinishthetasksuccessfully.—Don’tworry.You willbegiven (give)plentyofti
8、metodoit. 3.WhenTim wasasked (ask)whyhewaslateforschool,hejustkeptsilent. 4.Ifyou aregiven (give)somethingyoudon’tlike,itshould bepushed (push)totheedgeoftheplate. 5.Selinawasoftenheard t
