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《Japan's Dual Industrial Structure as a Welfare System The Lexus and the Olive Tree-- and the Vulture【外文翻译】》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、（2011届）本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译原文：Japan'sDualIndustrialStructureasaWelfareSystem:"TheLexusandtheOliveTree"--and"theVulture"Duringthehigh-growthperiodof1950-1973(GoldenAgeofCapitalism)anditssubsequenttwodecades,Japancametobeknownforefficiencyandperfectionisminmanufactur
2、ingasexemplifiedbythelowproductioncostsandhighqualityofautomobilesandelectronicsitproduced.Japan'srenownedmanufacturingtechnology,flexibleproductionwith"just-in-time"partsdelivery,isnowinusethroughouttheadvancedworld.Yet,nowthattheJapaneseeconomyhasbeenmiredi
3、naprolongedslumpovermorethanadecadesincetheburstingoftheassetbubblein1990,theworld'sperceptionoftheJapaneseeconomyhasdrasticallychangedfromadmirationtoindifferenceeventopity.WhathasbroughtJapan'sjuggernauttoitsknees?Whycanitsgovernment,oncesomuchtoutedforeffe
4、ctiveindustrialpoliciesandadministrativeguidance,nolongercopewiththecurrenteconomicproblems,especiallybadbankloans,whichstandatanywherebetween$430billion(officialestimate)and$1.9trillion(privateestimate)?Alitanyofreformproposalshavebeenputupintherecentpast,bu
5、tsofarnodecisiveandeffectiveimplementationhastakenplace.Inordertoexplaintheleitmotivofthispaper,Idrawuponthetitleofabook,TheLexusandtheOliveTree,arecentbest-sellerwrittenbyThomasFriedman(1999)oftheNewYorkTimes,atwice-winnerofthePulitzerPrize.Heused"theLexus"a
6、sasymbolofanage-oldhumandriveformaterialbettermentandhigherstandardsoflivingand"theolivetree"asasymbolofanequallyage-oldhumanquestforcommunalidentity,stablesustenance,andsocialcohesion.Theformerrepresentstechnologicalefficiencyandthelatterthehumanattachmentto
7、,andconcernof,livelihoodsecurityandculturalidentity.AndFriedmanarguedthatahealthybalancebetweentheLexusandtheolivetree,namelybetweenefficiencyandsecurity,needstobemaintained,particularlyinthisageofglobalizationandafast-changingworld.Aswillbeexploredbelow,Japa
8、n'scurrentpredicamentstemsessentiallyfromthedifficultyofkeepingthissocioeconomicbalance.AndwhatmakestheJapanesequandaryevenmoreintractableistheexistenceofanotherage-oldhumantrait,cupidity
