Road safety in less-motorized environments future concerns【外文翻译】

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1、外文题目：Roadsafetyinless-motorizedenvironments:futureconcerns出处：IntJEpidemiol.2002Jun;31(3):527-32.作者：DineshMohan原文：AbstractInthelastthreedecades,theincidenceoftrafficcrashfatalitiesandinjurieshasbeenreducedsignificantlyinthehigh-incomecountriesbutnotinthelow-andmiddle-incomecountries.

2、Thetrafficpatternsintheformerarenotonlydifferentbutarealsolesscomplexthanthoseinthelatter.Trafficinlow-incomecountriescomprisesamuchhighershareofvulnerableroadusersandsovehicles,roadsandtheenvironmenthavetobedesignedfortheirsafety.Solutionsforsuchproblemsarenotreadilyavailableandver

3、yinnovativeworkneedstobedonearoundtheworldtoarriveatnewpoliciesanddesigns.Inadditiontocrashworthinessofvehicles,transportationplanning,exposurecontrol,intelligentseparationofnon-motorizedtrafficonmajorroads,andtrafficcalmingarelikelytoplayamuchmoreimportantrole.PreviousSectionNextSe

4、ctionBurdenofroadtrafficinjuriesRecentestimatesofnationaleconomiclossduetoroadtrafficinjuriesshowthattheserangefrom1%to2%ofthegrossdomesticproduct(GDP)ofnationsaroundtheworld.4Theestimatesforless-motorizedcountriesasapercentofGDPareingenerallowerthanthoseinhigh-incomecountries.Wenee

5、dtobecarefulindrawingconclusionsfromsuchnumbers,asrecentestimatesforhigh-incomecountriesarebasedonmoredetailedandcomprehensivecalculationsincludingthewillingnesstopay,quality-adjustedlifeyearsanddisability-adjustedlifeyears,etc.Ontheotherhand,tothebestofourknowledge,suchconceptshave

6、notbeenusedinmakingestimatesinless-motorizedcountries.Studiesfromless-motorizedcountriesalsoreportthatroadtrafficinjurypatientscanoccupy30–70%oforthopaedicbedsinhospitals.Roadtrafficinjuriesarealsoamajorcauseoforthopaedicandmentaldisabilities.Theexperienceofpoorcommunitiesincopingwi

7、thmedicalcatastrophesisverydifferentthanthatexperiencedbyeconomicallywelloffcommunities.Thespecialproblemsfacedbypoorfamiliescanincludethefollowing:5inappropriateorabsenceoftreatmentleadingtocomplicationsandlongertreatmenttime;re-allocationoflabouroffamilymembersandreducedproductivi

8、tyofwholefamily;per