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1、四、句法(Syntax)(一)句子的成分(SentenceElement)句子的成分句子有两个最重要的成分：主语(Subject)和谓语(Predicate)。主语一般由名词或起名词作用的其它词类或从句担任。谓语主耍由动词或动词短语担任，有吋也可以由系动词加一个表语(Predicative)合成谓语的成分。如：Kate'sunclelivesinavillage.（主）（谓）LondonisihccapilalofEngland.（系动词）（表）（合成谓语）除了主语和谓语，句了还有其他成分，女口宾语（Object）、定语（Awibute）和状语（Adverbial
2、Modifier）,有吋宾语后面可以加一个宾语补足语（ObjectComplement）构成复合宾语。Jenny'sbrothermetanoldfriendinthestreet.（主）（谓）（地点状语）Hisfatherboughthimanewbikethedaybeforeyesterday.（间宾）（直宾）（时间状语）ThemeetingonFridaywasputoffbecauseoftheheavyrain.（后置定语）（原因状语）Theydideverythingtosavetheworker'slife.（宾）（目的状语）Thegirlwast
3、allenoughtoreachthebookontheshelf.（系动词）（表）（合成谓语）Theytoldmetogotherebytaxi.（宾补）（方式状语）Hehasagoodmemorythoughheisold.（让步状语从句）Youllmisstheearlybus讦youdon'thurry.（前置定语）（条件状语从句）（二）句子的种类（Classification）1、陈述句(DeclarativeSentence)肯定式，否定式如:LilyandLizare(not)twins.Ihaveahamburger,butIhavenotany/
4、nosandwiches・TheyhadanEnglishlessonthismorning.Theydidn'thaveanyChineselessons.ThereissomeCokeinthebottle,butthereisnotany/noorangejuice・Weshouldobeythetraffic*rules.Wemustn'tplayinthestreet・2.疑问句及其回答:(InterrogativeSentenceandAnswer)1)一般疑问句如：A:WasKathylateforschoolthismorning?B:Yes,sh
5、ewas・/No,shewasn't.A:DocsyourfathergotoPudongbyferry?B:Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn't.A:HaveyoubeentoCanada?B:Yes,Ihave./No,Ihavens・A:MayIleavealittleearliertoday?B:Yes,youmay/can.No,youmaynot/mustnVcan't.2)特殊疑问句如：常见白勺特殊疑问诃有what,who,whom,whose,which,when,where,why,how,howold,howmany,howmuch
6、,howlong,howoften,howsoon,howfar,howfast等。A:Whoteachesyouchemistrythisterm?B:MrLidoes.A:Whattimeisitbyyourwatch?B:Sevenfifty-eigh匸A:Howdoyoutraveltoschool?B:Bybus,thenonfoot.A:Howoftendoyoudoarevision?B:Onceaweek・3)选择疑问句如：A:AreyouAmericanorCanadian?B:FmCanadian.A.Didyougocampingorsigh
7、tseeingyesterday?B:Sightseeing.A:IsMissLiorMissWanggoingtoteachusEnglishnextterm?B:MissWang・A:Whichdoyouprefer,sciencefictionordetectivestories?B:Both.1)反意疑问句如：A:ThailandisinthesouthofAsia,isnrtit?B:Yes,itis.A:Factoriesmustn'tletoutdirtywaterintorivers,mustthey?B:No,theymusmtA:Ithardl
8、ysnow
