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1、TRANSPORTATIONSAFETYChapter1IntroductionA.GeneralFactsSomeData-42,116lives(trafficrelatedfatalities)andmorethan3milliontrafficrelatedinjuriesin2001.-TransportationaccidentsaretheseventhsingleleadingcauseofdeathintheUnitedStates.-Motorvehiclecrashesaretheleadingcauseo
2、fdeathforpeopleforeveryagefrom4through33yearsold(basedon1998data).-Transportationcrashesremaintheleadingcauseofaccidentaldeath(Tables1and2).-Motorvehiclecollisionsaccountformorethanabout90percentoftransportation-relateddeathsandanevenhigherpercentageoftransportationi
3、njuries.2.SomeIssues-Thehighestpriorityisto“Promotepublichealthandsafetybyworkingtowardtheeliminationoftransportation-relateddeaths,injuriesandpropertydamage”-Safetyrateisusuallyusedforcrashanalysis.Safetyratesareestimatedbydividingthenumberofevents(crashes,fatalitie
4、s,injuries,etc)bysomemeasureofexposureorsubgroup(population,numberoftrips,vehiclemilestraveled,registeredvehicles,driverlicensed,etc).-Reductioninfatalityratesmaybemainlyattributedtoimprovementsinthevehiclesystems,bettereducation,higherefficienciesoftheemergencymanag
5、ementsystems,increasedlawenforcement,andbettertransportationpolicies.-Specialconcerns–Transportationtoandfromschools,pedestrianandbicycle,specialpopulationgroups,transportationdataneeds,securityoftransportationsystemsagainstcrimeandterrorism,internationaltrendsinroad
6、safety,etc.B.SomeSafetyConcerns1.TransportationofSchoolChildren-Schoolbussafetyhasreceivedthemostnotice,butotherissuessuchassafetyofschoolchildrentransportedbycars,bytransit,orwhilewalkingorbikingtoschoolarealsokeys.-LeadingmodesofschooltransportationaccordingtotheNa
7、tionwidePersonalTransportationSurvey(NPTS)byDOT–1995(POV–50%,schoolbuses–32%,walking10%,biking–1%).-Numberoffatalcrashesandfatalitiesamongoccupantsaged5-19occurredduringschoolyear,betweenthehoursof6amto9amand2pmto5pm:Automobilesandotherprivatevehiclesaccountedformost
8、oftheincidents.-Schoolbusesprovideoneofthesafestformsoftransportationaccordingtothestatistics.From1987to1997,outofatotalof420,000fa
