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1、TheUniversityofAlabamaDepartmentofChemistryGraduateStudentSeminarSeriesFabricationofInverseOpalSemiconductorPhotonicCrystalsLiteratureSeminarPresentedby:LitaoBaiSeminarAdvisor:Dr.MartinG.Bakker12:45PMThursday,April,13,2006Room151,ShelbyHall1Introduct
2、ion1Aphotoniccrystalisathree-dimensionallyordereddielectricstructurehavingaspatiallyperiodicdielectricconstantwithlatticeparametercomparabletothewavelengthoftheelectromagneticwave.Underappropriateconditions,suchphotoniccrystalscanexhibitaforbiddenban
3、dgapinamanneranalogoustothewayinwhichaperiodicarrangementofatomsinasemiconductorlatticeresultsinanelectronicband2gap.Withinphotonicbandstructurenophotonwillbeallowedtopropagate,sospontaneousemissionissuppressedforphoton,offeringnovelapproachesinmanip
4、ulatingtheelectromagneticfield.Thus,thiskindofmaterialcouldhaveimportantapplicationsinmodernphotonics.Afteroverdecadeofextensiveresearch,thefabricationofthree-dimensionalphotoniccrystalsforshorterwavelengthscontinuestobeachallengingproblem.3Becauseco
5、mputationalstudieshaverevealedtheconditionsunderwhichaphotoniccrystalwillexhibitacompletebandgapintheopticalregime:thestructuremustbeextremelyporouswithaveryspecificsub-micrometerthree-dimensionalperiodicity,andthematerialsmusthavehighrefractiveindex
6、andnegligibleabsorptionatthedesirewavelengths.Tosatisfythisrequirement,manyapproacheshavebeenproposed45tofabricate3-Dphotoniccrystal,includingnanomachining,lithography,and3-D6holography.Modernphotolithographyandholographyaremakinggreatprogressandarev
7、erypromisingtoproduceuniformnanometerfeatureoverlargeareas.Inparalleltotheseefforts,chemicalassemblyhasbeenfoundtobeasimplerandfastermethodtogetthree-dimensionallyperiodicityovermacroscopiclengthscales.Soitmaybecomeamuchlessexpensivealternateroutetop
8、hotoniccrystals.Oneofimportantchemicalassemblymethodiscolloidalcrystals.Colloidalcrystalsareregularcrystallinearraysofhighlymonodispersecolloidsofdielectric7materialssuchassilicaorpolymer.Innature,gemstoneopalisaverygoodexample.MineralogicalandX-rays
