高一化学必修一化学方程式和离子方程式

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1、1、钠及其化合物的转化关系®Na2O+2HCl=2NaCl+H20Na20+2H+=2Na++H20®2Na202+4HC1=4NaC1+02t+2H.02Na202+4H=4Na'+02t+2H.0※⑤2Na+02^^Na202⑦Na2O+H2O=2NaOHNa20+H20=2Na++20H~⑨NazO+COz二N/COs(ll)2NaOH+C02=Na2C03+H202OH"+CO2=CO32_+H2O(13)NaOH+CO2=NaHCO3OH_+CO2=HCO3"②2Na+2HCl=2NaCl+H2t2Na+2

2、H+=2Na++H2t④4Na+02=2Na20-※⑥2Na+2H20=2Na0H+H2t-2Na+2H20=2Na++20H_+H2t※⑧2Na202+2H20=4Na0H+02t2Na202+2H20=4Na++40H"+02t※⑩2Na2()2+2C02=2Na2C03+02(12)Na2CO3+Ca(OH)2=CaCO3I+2NaOHC032"+Ca2+=CaC03I滋(14)Na2CO3+H20+CO2=2NaHCO3CO广+H2O+CO2二2HCO「探(15)2NaHC03^^Na2C03+H20+C02

3、t或探NaHC03+Na0H=Na2C03+H20HCO3_+Oir=CO32_+ILO(16)Na2CO3+2HC1=2NaC1+IL04-C02t(lONal[CO3+IIC1=NciC1+IL04-C02tCO/—+2H+二H2O+CO2fHCO3_+H+=H2O4-CO2t补充：①石灰水中加入少量NaHCO:i:Ca(OH)2+NaHCO:i=CaCO3I+NaOH+H2OCa^+OFT+HCOs一二CaCO：j!+H20②石灰水中加入过量NaHCO;i:Ca(OH)2+2NaHCO3=CaCO3I+Na2C

4、O3+2H2OCa2++20H~+2HC03_=CaC03I+C0：厂+2HQ2、铝及其化合物的转化关系2A1+6H+二2A1'++3H2t※③2A1+2NaOH+2H2O=2NaA102+3H2t2A1+20H"+2H2O=2A1O2_+3H21※⑤A12O3+2NaOII=2NaA102+II20AI2O3+2OH一二2A1(V+H2O④A1A+6HC1=2A1C13+3H2OA1A+6H+=2A13++3H2O@A1C13+3NII3-II2O=A1(0II)3I+3NII.C1A13++3NH3-H2O二Al

5、(OH)3I+3NH4+⑧2A1(OH)A12O3+3H2O⑦Al(OH)3+3HC1=A1C13+3H2OA1(OH)3+3HM13++3H2OFc(OI1)3_>Fc-A☆⑨NaA102+HCl+H20=A1(OH)3I+NaC1或NaA102+2H20+C02=Al(0H)3I+NaHC03A10/+H++H20=Al(OH)3!AlOf+2H2O+CO2=Al(OH)3!+HCO「※⑩Al(OH)3+NaOH=NaA102+2H20☆dl)Al3++3H20—Al(OH)3胶体+3H+Al(OID3+OI「二

6、A1O2_+2ILO明矶净水(12)AlCl3+4NaOH二NaA102+3NaCl+2H.0A13++4OH"=A1O2"+2H2O3、铁及其化合物的转化关系Fe(OH)2⑨、/(13)①FesO1+4CO^^3Fe+4C02罕Fe+2HCl=FeCl2+H2t匸Fe+2H+=Fe2++H2t※⑤2FeCl2+Cl2=2FeCl32Fe2++Cl2=2Fe3++2Cl~⑦FeCL+2NaOH=Fe(OH)2!+2NaClFe2++20H_=Fe(0H)21※⑨4Fe(0H)2+02+2n20=4Fe(0II)3幷②

7、3Fe+4H20(g)亠丄FeQ+4H2L或3Fe+2O2=^=Fe3O4④2Fe+3Ch型^=2FeCh探@Fe+2FeCl3=3FeCl2Fe+2Fe3+=3Fe2+⑧Fe(OH)2+2HC1=FeCl2+2H2OFe(0H)2+2H+=Fe2++2H20⑩FeCl3+3NaOII=Fe(OII)八+3NaCl白色沉淀迅速变成灰绿色，最后变成红褐色Fe3++30ir=Fc(0II)3l(ll)Fe(Oll)3+3HCl=FeCl3+3II2OFe3++3II20—Fe(0II)3胶体+3II+(净水)Fe(OH)

8、3+3H+=Fe3++3H2O(12)2Fe(OH)3=Fe2O3+3H2O(13)Fe2O3+6HCl二2FeCl3+3H2OFe2O3+6HF=2Fe3++3H2O4、硅及其化合物的转化关系探@SiO2+2NaOH=Na2Si03+H20JSi02+20H_=Si032_+H20・SiO2+Na2C03^=Na2Si03+C02t探(14)