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1、SchoollifeGrammar—attributiveclausesIntroductiontoattributiveclauses定语从句的含义：在含有主从句的复合句中，用来修饰限制句中的名词或代词的从句就是定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词，引导定语从句的词叫做关系词，关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。定语从句的特点：定语从句通常紧跟先行词，如果定语从句和先行词之间被单词，词组，句子隔开，就称为分隔性定语从句。定语从句的分类：分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对先行词起到限制的作用，通常与主句紧密相连，译为汉语时译为“…的”。非限制性定语从句是对先行词的附加说明，它
2、和主句往往用逗号分开，译为汉语时定语从句和主句通常构成两个并列句。定语从句引导词关系代词所指代（即先行词）在定语从句中所作句子成分who人主语(宾语)whom人宾语which物主语,宾语that人/物主语，宾语,表语whose人/物定语as人/物主语，宾语,表语定语从句引导词关系副词所指代（即先行词）在定语从句中所作句子成分when时间状语where地点状语why原因状语Practice找出下面句子中的关系代词和定语从句1.ThewomanwhocanspeakRussiangotthejob.2.Thewomanwhomwesawonthestreetgotthejob.3.Asweal
3、lknow,ourschoolis9yearsold.4.ThisisthefactorythatIvisited.5.HisfilmwhichwonseveralawardswasaboutthelifeofGandhi.6.HeistheboywhoseEnglishisverygoodinourclass.关系代词的用法1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）ThemanwhoItalkedwithisourteacher.Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Theman(whom/
4、who)InoddedtoisMr.Li.ThemantowhomInoddedisProfessorLi.3.which指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.Thisrecorder（which）heisusingismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?4.that指人/物，作主语，宾语，表语(作宾语可省略）Aplaneisamachinet
5、hatcanfly.Heistheman(that)ItoldyouaboutHeisnolongertheboythatheusedtobe.注意：首先特别注意，that只能用在限定性定语从句中，在非限定性定语从句中永远不能选用that,另外介词后边也不可用that,而是跟which。Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?注意点：①that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。先行词是最高级形容词或者它前面有最高级形容词的时候Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainst
6、pollution.Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.ii.先行词是序数词，或者它前面有一个序数词的时候Heisthelastperson(that)Iwanttosee.ItisthefirstAmericanmovieofthiskindthatI’veeverseen.iii.主句已有疑问词who或者which的时候Whichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?iv.先行词既有人又有物，宜用thatDoy
7、ouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?Thebikeanditsriderthathadrunoveranoldmanweretakentothepolicestation.v.先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等不定代词时Youshouldhandinall
