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1、普通高中课程标准实验教科书英语选修9Unit4ExploringplantsPLANTEXPLORATIONINTHE18THAND19THCENTURIESTheplantsinourgardcnslooksofamiliarthatoftenwedonotrealizethatmanyofthemactuallycomefromcountriesfaraway.Collecting"exotic"plants,astheyarecalled,datesbacktotheearliesttimes.Manyancientcivilisationssawthevalueofbringin
2、gbackplantsfromdistantlands.Thefirstplantcollectingexpeditionrecordedinhistorywasaround1500BCwhentheQueenofEgyptsentshipsawaytogatherplants,animalsandothergoods.However,itwasnotuntiltheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesthattheexplorationofthebotanicalworldbeganonalargeseale.Europehadbecomeintereste
3、dinscientificdiscoveryandtheEuropeanmiddleclassestookgreatintorestincollectingnewplants.ThisattractiontoexoticplantsgrewasEuropeannations,liketheNetherlands,BritainandSpain,movedintootherpartsoftheworldlikeAsiaandAustralia.Braveyoungmentooktheopportunityofgoingonbotanicalexpeditions,oftenfacingma
4、nydemgersincludingdisease,near~starvation,severeenvironmentsandconflietswiththelocalpeople.Animportsntgroupofcol1ectorswereFrencnCatholicmissionarieswho,bythemiddleofthe18thcentury,werebeginningtosetthemselvesupinChina.Onesuchmissionary,Fatherd'Incarville,wassenttoBeijinginthe1740s.Hecollectedsee
5、dsoftreesandbushesincludingthoseoftheTreeofHeaven.Justbeforehedied,hesentsomeTreeofHeavenseedstoEngland.Theyarrivedin1751andplantsfromtheseseedsweregrownthroughoutEuropeandlater,in1784,thespecieswasintroducedinNorthAmerica.SirJosephBankswasaveryfamousBritishplantcollector,whoaccompaniedJamesCooko
6、nhisfirstvoyagefromEnglandtoOceania.ThepurposeofthetripforBankswastorecordtheplantandanimallifetheycameacross.Heandhistcamcollectedexampleswhonevertheywentontodryland.In1769,BankscollectedvastquantitiesofplantsinthelandnowknownasAusttalia.NoneoftheseplantshadbeenrecordedbyEuropeansbefore.Cookcall
7、edthebaywheretheEndeavourhadanchoredBotanyBay.Keepingplantsaliveduringlonglandorseavoyageswasanenormouschallenge.LargenumbersofseedsfailedtogrowafterlongseavoyagesortripsacrosslandbetweenAsiaandEurope.Oneplantexplorer1
