牵引、石膏护理

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1、TractiontractionTractionistheapplicationofapullingforcetoapartofthebodyWhenevertractionisapplied,countertractionmustbeusedtoachieveeffectivetraction.Countertractionistheforceactingintheoppositedirection,usuallythepatientsbodyweightandbedpositionadjustmentssupplytheneededco

2、unterttractionPurposeandeffective1.reduceafractureanddiscolation2.maintaincorrectalignmentofbonefragmentsduringhealing3.immobilizealimbwhilesofttissuehealingtakesplace4.overcomemusclespasm5.stretchadhesion6.correctdeformitiesTractiontypes1.skintraction2.skeletaltractionSki

3、ntractionadhesivetapetractionSkintraction:foamrubberbootSkintractionSkintraction:belttractionCervicaltractionPelvictractionSkeletaltractionNursinginterventionsCastsThemostcommonexternalfixationdeviceMaterial:1.Plasterofparis(anhydrouscalciumsulfate,无水硫酸钙)2.Fiberglass3.Plas

4、ticTypesofcastsShort-armcastLong-armcastShoulderspicaShort-legcastLong-legcastHipspicaWalkingcastwalkingheelCastsnursinginterventionsFunctionalexercisesFunctionalexercises1.early(1~2w):目的：促进血液循环，消除肿胀，防止肌肉萎缩，进行患肢肌肉舒缩。2.middle(2~3w)：防止肌肉萎缩和关节粘连，患肢骨折远近关节运动为主。3.later(6~8w)：促进功

5、能全面恢复，进行重点关节为主的全身锻炼。Functionalexercises肢体运动的方法：1.被动运动2.主动运动3.助力运动4.手法治疗肌肉锻炼形式：1.等长收缩2.等张收缩3.等动收缩