语言学Chapter5Semantics

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1、5.1DefinitionofSemantics5.2ApproachestoMeaning5.3WordMeaning5.4SentenceMeaningChapter5SemanticsLeech,G.1983.Semantics.Harmondsworth:PenguinOgden,C.K&Richards,I.A.1923.TheMeaningofMeaning.London:Routledge&KeganPaulReferencebooks《语义学》Semantics----thestudyoflanguagemeaning.p33

2、8Meaningiscentraltothestudyofcommunication.Whatismeaning?----Scholarsunderdifferentscientificbackgroundshavedifferentunderstandingsoflanguagemeaning.Philosophers—investigatedtherelationbetweenlinguisticexpressions.Linguists—investigatedthewayinwhichmeaninginalanguageisstruc

3、turedandhavedistinguishedbetweendifferenttypesofmeaning.5.1DefinitionofSemantics5.2.1Meaningasnaming(Plato)5.2.2Meaningasconcept5.2.3Meaningasbehavior5.2.4Meaningascontext(Bloomfield)5.2.5MeaningastruthconditionsCanyoutellhowmanymeaningsdoes‘mean’have?P104-1055.2Approachest

4、oMeaningThemeaningofanexpressioniswhatitrefersto,ornames,isoftencalledreferentialtheory(指称理论)ornamingtheory(命名理论).Wordsarenamesorlabelsforthings.Limitations:1)Applicabletonounsonly.2)Therearenounswhichdenotethingsthatdonotexistintherealworld,e.g.ghost,dragon,unicorn,…3)Ther

5、earenounsthatdonotrefertophysicalobjectsbutabstractnotions,e.g.joy,impulse,hatred…5.2.1Meaningasnaming(Plato)Theconceptualistviewholdsthatthereisnodirectlinkbetweenalinguisticformandwhatitrefersto(i.e.betweenlanguageandtherealworld);rather,intheinterpretationofmeaningtheyar

6、elinkedthroughthemediationofconceptsinthemind.5.2.2MeaningasconceptOgdenandRichards:semantictriangleSymbol/formword/phrase/sentence词Referent/objectintheworldofexperience事物Thought/reference/concept概念Thesymbolorformreferstothelinguisticelements(wordsandphrases);Thereferentref

7、erstotheobjectintheworldofexperience;Thoughtorreferencereferstoconcept.Thesymbolorawordsignifiesthingsbyvirtueoftheconceptassociatedwiththeformofthewordinthemindsofthespeaker;andtheconceptlookedatfromthispointofviewisthemeaningoftheword.“语义三角”说，词和所指事物之间没有直接联系，而是以概念作为中介。（胡，2

8、002:127）OgdenandRichards:semantictriangleL.BloomfieldBehavioristsattemptedtodefine