搞定英语词汇基础知识

《搞定英语词汇基础知识》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。

1、词类。1.名词Nouns(n.)2.代词Pronouns(pron.)3.形容词Adjectives(adj.)4.数词Numerals(num.)5.动词Verbs(v.)6.副词Adverbs(adv.)7.冠词Articles(ail・)8.介词Prepositions(prep.)9.连词Conjunctions(conj.)10.感叹词Inteijections(int.)注：实词1-6虚词7-101.构词法。(一)转换。1.不改变读音、重读音节，只转换单词词性。(1)动词——名词形容词swimintherivercallsb.gotow

2、orktalkaboutsth.waterflowersstopthebus(2)名词动词mynameaplateoffishtwobrushesmyhandlockandkey⑶动词haveaswimgivesb.acallwantagohaveatalkdrinkwaterbusstopnamehimTomfishbytheriverbrushmyshoeshandinlockthedoorcleantheroomdrysth.openthedoortidythegarden(4)介词——副词outsidethegatealongtherive

3、rmovearoundthesunaboutyourcountry(5)形容词——副词maketheroomcleanapieceofdrybreadanopengatesometidydeskswaitoutsideItstwometresalongHeislookingaroundlookaboutGreatpeople!muchwaterGreat!muchtooI'mwell.Istudywell.Exercise判断下列各句中划线部分词性并译成汉语。①Hedoesn'tcareabouthimself.Heoftentakesgoodca

4、reofothers.②Canyouchangethisfifty-yuannoteforme?Therehavebeenmanychangesinmyhometown.③Themathsteacherdrewacircleontheblackboard.Alotofman-madesatelliteshavebeensentuptocircletheearth.①Theendofthefilmisverysad・TheSecondWorldWarendedin1945.②Idon'twanttolistentoanyofyourexcuse・Ex

5、cuseme.MayIaskyouaquestion?③Thereisaknockatthedoor.Ifyouknockintosomeone,youshouldsayuSorryM・④Don'treadinlightwhichistoobright.Thisboxisverylight.1.有些双音节词，做名词时，第一个音节重读，做动词时，第二个音节重读。n.v.'increaseincrease'presentpresent'recordrecord'produceproduce1.有些词可以用读音变化改变词性。use/s/名词excuse/

6、s/名词close/s/形容词use/z/动词excuse/z/动词close/z/动词(一)派生。指一个词加上前缀或后缀构成另外一个词。1.前缀+词根(一般不改变词性，而改变原词的词义。)(1)否定前缀。un-untureunhappyunknownuncomfortableunlikedis-disagreedislikedisappeardisableim-impossibleimpolite⑵重复前缀。re-retellreturnrewrite⑶表其他意思的前缀。mis・错误£也misunderstandfore-预先，前forecast

7、foretellforefatherforefingerforefootforefrontself-自我的，自动的self-studyself-respectself-service⑷可以改变词性的前缀。en-nJ以和名词，形容词构成动词。slave(n.)奴隶enslave(v.)奴役large(adj.)大的enlarge(v.)扩大可以和名词构成形容词，副词。sleepasleep(adj.)睡着的sideaside(adv.)在旁边1.词根+后缀(一般改变词性)。⑴名词后缀。表示人：-er/r/双写+er:teacherworkerclea

8、nerownerplayerspeaker/singerdriverdancerwriter/runnerwinnertr