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1、PARTONE:EARLYANDMEDIEVALENGLISHLITERATUREChapter1TheMakingofEngland1.TheearlyinhabitantsintheislandnowwecallEnglandwereBritons(primitivepeople),atribeofCelts(凯尔特人).FromtheBritonstheislandgotitsnameofBritain,thelandofBritons.2.In55B.C.,BritainwasinvadedbyJuliusCaesar,theRomanc
2、onqueror.(78A.D--410A.D.)①TheRomanoccupationlastedforabout400years,duringwhichtheRomans,formilitarypurposes,builtanetworkofhighways,latercalledtheRomanroads.②Alongtheseroadsgrewupscoresoftowns,andLondon,oneofthem,becameanimportanttradingcentre.③WiththeRomanconquesttheRomanmod
3、eoflifecameacrosstoBritainalso.Romantheatresandbathsquicklyroseinthetowns.④ChristianitywasintroducedtoBritain.3.ThreetribesfromNorthernEurope:theAngles,SaxonsandJutesinvadedBritain.Bythe7thcentury,7smallkingdomswerecombinedintoaunitedkingdomcalledEngland,or,thelandofAngles.Th
4、ethreedialectsspokenbythemnaturallygrewintoasinglelanguagecalledAnglo-Saxon,orOldEnglish,whichisquitedifferentfromtheEnglishthatweknowtoday.4.TheAnglo-Saxonperiodwitnessedatransitionfromtribalsocietytofeudalism.Chapter2Beowulf1.EnglishliteraturebeganwiththeAnglo-Saxonsettleme
5、ntinEngland.OfOldEnglishliterature,fiverelicsarestillpreserved.Allofthemarepoems,or,songsbytheAnglo-Saxonminstrelswhosangoftheheroicdeedsofoldtimetothechiefsandwarriorsinthefeasting-hall.Fourareshortfragmentsoflongpoems.Onelongpoemofover3000linesisBeowulf,thenationalepicofthe
6、Englishpeople.2.ThestoryofBeowulfBeowulfisthenephewofHygelac(赫依拉),KingoftheGeats(高特),apeopleinJutland(日德兰),Denmark.Hrothgar(赫斯加),KingoftheDanesGrendel(格伦德尔),aterriblemonster①BeowulfsailsforDenmarkwithfourteencompanionsandofferstofightGrendel.②Oldshe-monstercomestoavengeGrende
7、l'sdeath.Sheisalsokilled.③Beowulfbidsfarewelltohishouseholdandgoestoseekthefiredragonwithelevencompanions.Thedragoniskilledatlast.ButBeowulfishopelesslywounded.3.Analysisofitscontent①BeowulfisafolklegendbroughttoEnglandbyAnglo-Saxonfromtheircontinentalhomes.②Itwaswrittendowni
8、nthetenthcentury.③Itispartly-historicalandpartly-legendary.④Itsmains
