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1、TheLatinAmericanRevoltAnIntroductionJOHNBELLAMYFOSTERTherevoltagainstU.S.hegemonyinLatinAmericaintheopeningyearsofthetwenty-firstcenturyconstitutesnothinglessthananewhistoricalmoment.LatinAmerica,toquoteNoamChomsky,is“re-assertingitsindependence”inanattempttofreeitselffro
2、mcenturiesofimperialistdomination.ThegravityofthisthreattoU.S.powerisin-creasinglydrawingtheattentionofWashington.JuliaSweig,LatinAmericanprogramdirectorattheCouncilonForeignRelations,arguesthatthetwenty-firstcenturyislikelytobeknownasthe“Anti-AmericanCentury,”markingagro
3、wingintoleranceofthe“waning”U.S.empire.OutweighingeventheresistancetotheU.S.warmachineinIraqinthisrespect,Sweigsuggests,isthepoliticalrealignmenttotheleftinLatinAmerica,which,indestabilizingU.S.ruleintheAmericas,offersa“propheticmicrocosm”ofwhatcanbeexpectedworldwide.1The
4、UnitedStates,throughthe1823MonroeDoctrineandthe1904RooseveltCorollary,Sweigasserts,longagoestablishedits“righttopreemptivemilitaryinterventionintheAmericas.”ButLatinAmericansthemselvesrarelysawitthatway.“WhatwasfortheUnitedStatestherightfulandmanifestextensionofpowerinthe
5、nameofnationalinterest,values,markets,democracy,ornationbuildingbecameforMexicans,Cubans,Nicaraguans,Haitians,Hondurans,CostaRicans,Dominicans...trespassesofsovereigntybyacolossus.”SincetheSecondWorldWar,LatinAmericanshavebeensubjectedagainandagaintoU.S.interventions(repl
6、icatingalonghis-toryofU.S.intrusionsintheregion):“Guatemalain1954;Cubain1961;DominicanRepublicin1965;Chilefrom1970to1989;theSouthernConedictatorshipsinthe1970sand1980s;thecontras,counterinsur-gency,anddeathsquadsinCentralAmerica;invasionsinGrenadaandPanama.”U.S.Secretaryo
7、fStateHenryKissingerflatlydeclared,withrespecttoAllende’sChile,thatitwaswithintherightsoftheUnitedStatesto“setthelimitsofdiversity”inLatinAmerica.2ThemostrecentU.S.attemptto“setthelimitsofdiversity”inLatinAmericabymilitarymeans(apartfromthecontinuingU.S.12MONTHLYREVIEW/JU
8、LY-AUGUST2007covertwarinColombia)wasthecoupd’étatcarriedoutagainstdemo-craticallyelectedPresiden
