蔬菜测土配方施肥技术PPT课件

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1、1蔬菜测土配方施肥技术第一节蔬菜生产养分平衡补缺配方施肥技术一、蔬菜施肥量估算从定量施肥的不同依据分析，可归纳为3类6种方法，即地力分区(级)配方法、目标产量法(养分平衡法、地力差减法)、田间试验法(肥料效应函数法、养分丰缺指标法、氮、磷、钾指标法)，各种方法均有一定优缺点，可以根据各地情况加以应用。实践中主要是用养分平衡法及肥料效应函数法。特别是由北京市农科院土壤肥料研究所等单位提出的“蔬菜生产养分平衡补缺配方施肥法”已在蔬菜生产中广泛应用，现作重点介绍。2（一）蔬菜配方施肥中的基础参数蔬菜生产养分

2、平衡补缺增施配方施肥法的施肥量计算公式如下：1、作物携出养分量蔬菜作物的养分携出量指蔬菜形成商品菜从土壤中带走的养分，其数量等于目标产量乘以该菜的商品菜的单位产量的养分量。现将28种蔬菜氮、磷、钾含量及形成千千克商品菜所需养分量列于表7-1至表7-3，供参考。(P2O5、K2O计算方法同N)3表7-1主要蔬菜氮、磷、钾含量和形成千千克商品蔬菜所需养分数量蔬菜测定部位鲜样养分含量(%)形成千千克商品菜养分量(千克)类别名称NP2O5K2ONP2O5K2O结球叶菜类大白菜全株0.190.090.341.9

3、00.873.42圆白菜(结球甘蓝)根茎叶0.340.100.210.200.060.230.280.090.202.990.992.23花椰菜(菜花)根茎叶花0.500.060.080.280.060.210.340.060.110.270.070.2010.872.094.91绿叶菜类菠菜全株0.250.090.532.480.865.29芹菜根茎叶0.170.080.240.120.070.420.420.160.382.000.933.88茴香全株0.380.110.233.791.122.3

4、4油菜根茎叶0.310.050.480.270.030.192.760.332.06小白菜全株0.160.090.391.610.943.91莴笋根茎叶0.180.070.300.220.070.310.350.060.512.080.713.18香菜全株0.360.140.883.641.398.84茄果类番茄(西红柿)果根茎叶0.130.040.240.280.060.320.230.060.250.330.050.093.540.953.89茄子果秧0.140.040.220.350.100.4

5、33.240.944.49甜椒果秧0.210.050.270.530.100.665.191.076.464表7-2主要蔬菜氮、磷、钾含量和形成千千克商品蔬菜所需养分数量(续)蔬菜测定部位鲜样养分含量(%)形成千千克商品菜养分量(千克)类别名称NP2O5K2ONP2O5K2O根菜类小萝卜根茎叶0.150.020.290.340.030.302.160.262.95水萝卜根茎叶0.220.160.440.310.100.473.091.915.80胡萝卜根茎叶0.130.060.400.310.040.

6、462.430.755.68瓜类黄瓜瓜秧0.140.050.230.300.170.262.731.303.47冬瓜瓜肉籽瓤秧0.040.010.100.260.130.270.330.100.471.360.502.16苦瓜瓜肉籽瓤秧0.130.070.340.650.240.380.680.170.785.281.766.89西葫芦瓜肉籽瓤根茎叶0.080.040.060.180.090.090.200.090.190.180.080.160.720.230.515.472.224.09豆类豇豆豆

7、荚秧0.420.100.290.440.090.324.052.538.75(12.16)菜架豆豆荚秧0.590.140.350.770.150.443.372.265.93(10.09)葱蒜类韭菜叶0.370.090.313.690.853.13葱头葱头秧0.210.070.360.230.040.452.370.704.105表7-3主要蔬菜氮、磷、钾含量和形成千千克商品蔬菜所需养分数量(续)蔬菜测定部位鲜样养分含量(%)形成千千克商品菜养分量(千克)类别名称NP2O5K2ONP2O5K2O葱蒜类

8、大葱全株0.180.060.111.840.64—蒜蒜瓣肉蒜瓣皮根茎叶0.750.270.260.460.100.190.590.120.220.390.070.145.061.34—水生菜类藕藕藕节荷叶荷梗0.390.150.350.360.150.180.650.160.370.100.050.106.042.224.56茭白茭白0.320.100.4114.414.8722.78(3.92)(1.28)(6.89)茭白包叶无效蘖叶根0.190.07