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页数:9页
时间:2019-10-11
《广东省天河区高考英语语法二轮复习:阅读理解精讲精炼04含答案》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。
1、阅读理解精讲精炼0415.Bonus(奖金)culturehasbecomethesubjectofmanystudiesnowadays・Manypeoplehavebeenangeredbythewaysomebankersandhighofficialsseemtohavebeenrewardedforfailure.Othersfindtheideaofofferingmany-million-dollarbonusesmorallydisgusting.Butfewhaveaskedwhetherperformsnce・relatedbonuse
2、sreallydoimproveperformance・Theanswerseemssoobviousthateventoaskthequestioncanappearridiculous・Indeed,inspiteofallthecomplaintsaboutthem,financialencouragementscontinuetobeintroducedinmoreandmoreareas,fromhealthcareandpublicservicestoteachinganduniversities.Soitmaycomeasashocktoma
3、nytolearnthatpayingforresultscanactuallymakepeopleperformbadlyinmanycircumstances,andthatthemoreyoupay,theworsetheyperform・Nooneisarguingthatbonusescanhelpcompaniesandinstitutionsattractandkeepthebeststaff.Nordoesanyoneargueagainsttheideathatyoucanencouragepeopletodospecifictasksb
4、ylinkingpaymentstothosetasks.Rather,thepointisabouthowtogetthebestoutofpeople.Doemployeesreallyperformbetter讦youpromisetopaythemmoreforgettingresults?Therearesomeobviousreasonswhysuchpaymentscanfail.Ithasbeenargued,forinstanee,thatcashbonusescontributedtothefinancialcrash,becauset
5、radershadlittleenthusiasmtomakesurethattheircompaniesenjoyedIong-termsurvival.Mostbonusprojectsarepoorlydesigned,saysProfessorMalcolmHiggs.Hethinksthereasonisthatorganisationstrytokeepbonusarrangementssimple.Nevertheless,hethinksbonusprojectscanworkaslongastheylinktheinterestsofin
6、dividualemployeeswiththeIong-termgoalsofabusiness・Bonusescanalsoencouragecheating."Onceyoustartmakingpeople'srewardsdependentonoutcomesratherthanbehaviours,theevideneeispeoplewilldowhatevertheycantogetthoseoutcomes/saysProfessorEdwardDeci."Inmanycasesthehighofficialssimplyliedandc
7、heatedtomakethestock(股票)pricegoupsotheygothugebonuses."ButtheworkofDeciandotherssuggeststheproblemwithbonusesrunsfardeeperthanpoordesignorcheating.In1971,heaskedstudentstosolvepuzzles,withsomereceivingcashprizesfordoingwellandothersgettingnothing.Decifoundthoseofferedcashwerelessl
8、ikelytokeepworkingonpuzzlesaftert
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