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1、HealthPromotionHealthPsychologyConcernsofhealthpromotion(EwlesandSimnett,1992)Healtheducationprogrammes-toraiseawarenessofhealthriskandtoencouragebehaviourchangePrimaryhealtheducation-topreventillhealthdeveloping(e.g.diet,hygiene,socialskills,etc)Concernsofhealthpromotion(Ewlesand
2、Simnett,1992)Preventivehealthservices-e.g.familyplanning,immunisationandwellpersonclinicsCommunity-basedwork-localcommunitiesidentifyhealthproblemsandaddressthemHealthypublicpolicies-housing,employment,transport,etcConcernsofhealthpromotion(EwlesandSimnett,1992)Environmentalhealth
3、issues-makingthephysicalenvironmentsafer-e.g.tacklingpollution.Economicandregulatoryactivities-e.g.tryingtogetthegovernmenttoraisetaxontobacco,etcTheOttawaCharterforHealthPromotion(WHO1986)identifiedthefollowingfeaturesthatitbelievedwerenecessaryforgoodhealth:·Peace·Shelter·Educat
4、ion·Food·Income·Astableecosystem·Sustainedresources·Socialjustice·EquityModelsThemedicalmodelThebehaviourchangemodelTheeducationalmodelTheempowermentmodelThesocialchangemodelMedicalmodelPreventionPrimary-beforeillnessstartsOneofthefamousstoriesofearlyhealthpromotionconcernstheBroa
5、dStreetpumpinSoho,London.In1854,Dr.JohnSnowplottedcasesofcholeraonamapofLondonandnoticedthattheyclusteredaroundawaterpumponBroadStreet.MedicalmodelAtthattime,waterinLondonwasprovidedbyanumberofprivatecompanies,andSnowdiscoveredthatthedeathratefromcholerawasmuchhigherforpeopleusing
6、waterfromtwoofthesecompanies(71deathsper10,000people)thantheothers(only5deathsper10,000people).Snow’sobservationofthepatternofcasesaroundSohoallowedhimtocarryoutanaturalexperiment.HedisabledtheBroadStreetpumpbyremovingthehandle(hi-techorwhat?)andthecholeraepidemicsubsidedinthearea
7、.Fromthis,Snowwasabletoshowthatcholerawascarriedinwater(DonaldsonandDonaldson,2000.)PrimaryPreventionGeneticcounselling.Futureparentsareabletogetimportantinformationaboutthepossibilityoftheirfuturechildbeingbornwithageneticdisorder.Factorssuchastheageoftheparentsandtheresultsofbio
8、logicaltestsmaybetakenintoaccount
