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1、Grammar------ingform语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式完成式(not)doing(not)beingdone(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone一:V-ing形式作非谓语,其否定形式是“notdoing”,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。V-ing形式作非谓语:一、-ing形式作主语:-ing做主语表经常性或习惯性的动作．Sayingiseasierthandoing.His/John’s/Johndrinkingtoomuchwineisnotgoodforhishealth.可加上相应的逻辑主语，形容词性物主代词
2、和名词所有格（名词普通格）．二、-ing形式作宾语:admit,finish,dislike,imagine,consider,suggest,mind,miss,feellike,giveup,bebusy,can’thelp等后面接-ing做宾语．Ican’tunderstandherwantingtolivealone.Ihavefinishedreadingthebook.三、-ing形式作表语:-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后，用来泛指某种动作或行为，以说明主语的身份、性质或情况,可用做n.adj.。Herhobbyispainting.n.Herwordswe
3、reencouraging.adj.Herjobisteaching.Sheisteaching.表语进行时，谓语四.-ing作定语:1.V-ing形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰语,这时有两种情况。-ing形式表示“供作......之用”的意思,这类作定语的-ing形式过去叫动名词。Aswimmingpool=apoolforswimming2)-ing形式表示“......的”意思,过去叫现在分词.Asleepingchild=achildwhoissleeping2.-ing形式短语作定语时,放在所修饰的名词之后,并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。Theylivedina
4、roomfacingthestreet.=Theylivedinaroomthatfacesthestreet.Hisbrother,workingasateacher,livesinBeijing.=Hisbrother,whoisworkingasateacher,livesinBeijing.五、-ing形式作状语:可以表示时间,原因,结果,条件,行为方式或伴随动作等。1)Usingyourhead,you’llfindagoodway.条件2)Hecamerunningbacktotellmethenews.方式3)Fourpeopleenteredtherooml
5、ookingaroundinacuriousway.=Fourpeopleenteredtheroomandlookedaroundinacuriousway.(伴随动作)4)Beingpoor,hecouldn’taffordaTVset.(原因)6)(When)Hearingthenews,hegotfrightened.=Whenheheardthenews,hegotfrightened.(时间,可以在分词前保留when)7)Thechildslippedandfell,hittinghisheadagainstthedoor.结果The–ingformastheA
6、dverbial动词-ing作状语V-ing作状语时表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与谓语表示的动作或状态时同时或几乎同时发生的，或是先于谓语动词发生，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。V-ing作状语常表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随、让步、结果，多用逗号跟句子其他成分隔开。Iwasfeelingtired.Iwenttobedearly.Iworkedhardallday.Iwenttobedearly.Feelingtired,Iwenttobedearly.Havingworkedhardallday,Iwenttobedearly.如果V-ing表示的动作发生在句子谓语
7、之前，则要用V-ing的完成式，即是：Having+P.P(过去分词)…,主语+谓语1.Aftershehadfinishedherwork,shewenthome.2.Aswehaveinvitedhimheretospeak,we’dbettergotohislecture.V-ing形式的完成式Havingfinishedherwork,shewenthome.Havinginvitedhimheretospeak,we’dbettergotohislecture.Combinethepairsofsente
