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1、1-3-1:WhatIsLexicology?lexicon:word,phraseLexicologyiscomposedoftwoGreekmorphemes(formedbyNoahWebsterin1828)logie:learning,thestudyofLexicologyGeneralLexicologySpecialLexicology普通词汇学具体语言的词汇学Lexicologyisabranchoflinguisticsdealingwiththevocabulary(lexis/lexicon)ofalanguageandcolloquialneutralacademi
2、cthepropertiesofwordsasthemainunitsoflanguage.origin,development,history,structure,meaningandapplicationLexicologyisthestudyofthelexis,understoodasthestockofwordsinagivenlanguage,i.e.itsvocabularyorlexicon(formGreeklexis‘word’,lexikos,‘of/forwords’)”(HowardJackson2000Words,MeaningandVocabulary:AnIn
3、troductiontoModernEnglishLexicologyCassell)Thestudyofthehistoryandpresentstateofalanguagevocabulary(carriedonbylexicologists).1-3-3:TheConnectionofLexicologywithOtherBranchesofLinguistics1.Withphonetics:Thestudyofthesoundsystemandsoundchangesoflanguageiscloselyrelatedtogrammarandlexicology.Theexpre
4、ssionofthemeaningofwordsismadepossiblebymeansofsounds;itdependsonthephonemicmade-upofwords,ontheorderofthesounds,andonthesound-stress.e.g.Whenwelliswithdifferenttone,itexpressesdifferentfeelings.A.Well,andwhatareyougoingtodoaboutit?(Challenge)B.Well,Iamsurprisedtoseeyou!(Surprise)C.Well,letmethink.
5、Yes,Iremember.HisnamewasPeter.(Hesitation)D.Well,well,lookwho’scometohelp—nowit’sallfinished!(Sarcasm)E.Well,I’mgladthat’sover.(Relief)F.Well,IknowwhatI’lldo.I’llaskJimtogivemealift.(Decision)G.Well,Isupposethere’snothingwecandoaboutit.(Resignation—theacceptanceofanunpleasantsituationorfact)H.Well,
6、insomewaysweenjoyedit.(Qualifiedapproval,nottotally)A.好啊，你要干什么？B.妈呀，你从哪钻出来的？C.嗯，让我想想。哦，好像，他叫彼得。D.得了，得了，瞧，谁来了，就这样了吧！E.唉，终于完了。F.对，我知道该怎么办了。让吉姆来接我。G.行了，顺其自然吧！H.可以了，毕竟我们还是挺开心的。英语与汉语有些词的发音相似:amorousbackbawd爱慕背鸨cheatcoughdawn欺骗咳嗽旦ditchgivepalm堤给巴掌rudeshy鲁莽羞2.WithgrammarWordsbecomesignificantspeech-formso
7、nlywhentheyaregovernedbygrammar.e.g.Inthewordworkertheer-endingisagrammaticalform,andsoaretheous-endinginpreviousandtheyinrocky.Thusevenisolatedwordsbearadefiniterelationtothegrammaticalsystembecausetheybel
