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1、Unit4 WildlifeprotectionⅠ.阅读理解Withweathergettingwarmer,animalshavebeguntochangeinresponsetothenewcondition.Andsomeofthemhavebecomesmaller.Somescientiststhoughtthismightbeanadaptationtoawarmerworld;smallerbodiesshouldbeabletoloseheatbetter.Butnowanewstudyhas
2、foundthatforredknotbirds,that’snotthecase.EcologistJanvanGilsandhiscolleagueshavebeenstudyingthesebirdsfor33years.Overthecourseoftheirresearch,vanGilsandhisteamhavefoundthatinRussiawheretheredknotssummer,snowmeltandspringhavebeenadvancingbyhalfadayperyearon
3、average.Overmorethanthirtyyears,theresearcherscaughtandmeasurednearly2,000birds.Inyearswhenthesnowmelthadarrivedparticularlyearly,thebirdswerelikelytobesmallerandhaveshorterbills(鸟嘴).ThebirdsleavethecoastofWesternAfrica,wheretheywinter,andflynorthtowardRuss
4、ia.Thebirdsaresupposedtoarriveinspring,sotheycanlaytheireggsandwhentheirchickshatchout,therewillbeawealthofarthropod(节肢动物)insectstofeedtheiryoung.Buteventhoughtheredknotsareadvancingtheirarrivaldatebyaboutaquarterofadayperyear,itisnotenoughtokeepupwiththesn
5、owmelt.Andinyearswhenthesnowmeltarrivesearly,thearthropodsreachthegreatestquantitybeforethebirdsneedthem.Therefore,chicksmissoutoneatingwellandtheygrowuptobesmallerandhaveshorterbills.Beingsmallerandhavingashorterbillisn’taprobleminRussia—butitisinAfrica.Th
6、ere,adultbirdsfeedonthin-shelledbivalves(双壳贝类),Loripeslucinalis.Butthebivalvesareburieddeep.However,otheroptions,Dosiniaisocardiabivalvesandseagrassrhizomes(根茎),whichonlytheyoungestbirdsrelyon,arenotabundantornutritious.VanGilsandhiscolleaguesfoundthat,inth
7、eirfirstyear,shorter-billedredknotsdon’tsurviveaswellinAfrica.Themajorityofbirdsthatsurvivearethelong-billedbirds.1.HowdidJanvanGilsandhiscolleaguesreachtheconclusion?A.Bycomparingredknotswithotherbirds.B.Bydividing2,000redknotsintoseveralgroups.C.Bywatchin
8、gandexaminingredknotsforthreedecades.D.ByanalyzingstudiesthathavebeenpublishedinScience.2.Whatinfluencedoesearlysnowmelthaveonredknots?A.Theirchicksdon’thaveenoughtoeat.B.Theireggstakemoretimetohatchou
