学术综合英语-罗立胜 U

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1、mainUnit1PresentingaSpeech2012PartASectionAPre-listening-BackgroundInformationTollRoadAtollroad(ortollway,turnpike,pike,tollhighwayoranexpresstollroute)isaprivatelyorpubliclybuiltroadforwhichadriverpaysatoll(afee)foruse.Structuresforwhichtollsarechargedincludetoll

2、bridgesandtolltunnels.Non-tollroadsarefinancedusingothersourcesofrevenue,mosttypicallyfueltaxorgeneraltaxfunds.Thebuildingorfacilityinwhichatolliscollectedmaybecalledatollbooth,tollPre-listeningNewWordsandExpressionsBackgroundInformationPartAPartBListeningLISTENIN

3、GSectionAPre-listening-BackgroundInformationplaza,tollstation,tollbarortollgate.Thisbuildingisusuallyfoundoneithersideofabridgeandatexits.Threesystemsoftollroadsexist:open(withmainlinebarriertollplazas);closed(withentry/exittolls)andall-electronictollcollection(no

4、tollbooths,onlyelectronictollcollectiongantriesatentrancesandexits,oratstrategiclocationsonthemainlineoftheroad).Tollroadshavebeencriticizedasbeinginefficientinthreeways:1.Theyrequirevehiclestostoporslowdown,manualtollcollectionwastestimeandraisesvehicleoperatingc

5、osts.Pre-listeningNewWordsandExpressionsBackgroundInformationPartAPartBListeningLISTENINGSectionAPre-listening-BackgroundInformation2.Collectioncostscanabsorbuptoone-thirdofrevenues,andrevenuetheftisconsideredtobecomparativelyeasy.3.Wherethetolledroadsarelessconge

6、stedthantheparallel“free”roads,thetrafficdiversionresultingfromthetollsincreasescongestionontheroadsystemandreducesitsusefulness.Pre-listeningNewWordsandExpressionsBackgroundInformationPartAPartBListeningLISTENINGSectionAtollbridgestollbridges:abridgeoverwhichtraf

7、ficmaypassuponpaymentofatoll,orfeePartAPartBLISTENINGSectionAfueltaxfueltax:(alsoknownasapetrol,gasolineorgastax,orasafuelduty)anexcisetaximposedonthesaleoffuelPartAPartBLISTENINGSectionA.NewWordsandExpressionsboomingtrade兴旺的贸易immigrant外来移民linktogether连接起来turnpike

8、收费路fee费vehicle车辆，机动车Pre-listeningNewWordsandExpressionsBackgroundInformationPartAPartBListeningLISTENINGSectionAListenTask1Listentothelectureandtrytoget