美国文学导言

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1、OutlineLiteraryGenres(文学体裁)AmericanLiteraryMovements(美国文学运动)SomeFamousWritersinAmericanLiterature(重要的美国作家)LiteraryGenres(文学体裁)PoetryShortStoryNovelDramaSomeSayingsMusicalthought.------ThomasCarlyleThebestwordsinthebestorder.------SamuelTaylorColeridgePoetryisalanguagethattellsus,throughamoreorlesse

2、motionalreactions,somethingthatcannotbesaid.------EdwinArlingtonRobinsonDefinitionofPoetryPoetryinitssimplestdefinitionisorganizedinunitscalledlines(assentences)andstanzas(asparagraphs).Poetryemphasizesrhythm,patternsofsoundandimagery,andmanyotherpossiblewaysthatwordscansuggestmeaning.Poetryhasatle

3、astfourdimensions.Itinvolvesthereader’swholefaculties:hisintelligence,hissenses,hisemotionsandhisimagination,notmerelyhisunderstanding.Therefore,poetryisaliterarygenrethatcommunicateexperienceinthemostcondensedform.TheComponentsofPoetryLine诗句Poetryiswritteninsentencesjustasisprose,andthepunctuation

4、indicatesallgrammaticalpauses.Thelinesinapoemendintwoways:END–STOPPEDandRUN–ON.Stanza节ASTANZAisagroupoflinesofverseformingoneoftheunitsordivisionsofapoem.Rhyme押韵Rhymeistherepetitionofsoundsintwoormorewordsorphrasesthatappearclosetoeachotherinapoem,whichareusuallylabeledwithlettersalphabetically,lik

5、eA,B,CorD.Rhythm韵律Rhythmiscommunicatedbythearrangementofstressedandunstressedsyllables.Meterisusedtorefertotheregularpatternofstressedandunstressedsyllables.Afoo音步tusuallyconsistsofonestressedandoneortwounstressedsyllables.Whatisashortstory?Ashortstoryisacondensedfictionalnarrative,usuallyinprose.S

6、hortstoriesconcernarelativelysmallnumberofcharactersinvolvedinasingleactionwithonetheme,andareaimedatexcitinginthereaderasingleemotionalresponse.Whatarethemajorelements?Themeisamoralorastatementabstractedfromthestory.Itisthemostimportantinaseriouspieceofartisticwork.Inasense,itdeterminesalltheother

7、elements.Settingreferstotheparticulartimeandplacewithotherenvironmentalfactors.Plotisachainoflogicalevents.Inotherwords,thereiscausalrelationshipbetweentheevents.Plotisusuallydividedintoseveralstages:exposi