欧洲文化概况

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1、Chapter6THESEVENTEENTHCENTURY-TheAgeofScienceandGovernmentChapter6TheSeventeenthCentureIntroductionPart1Historicalbackground–religion,trade,governancePart2NewdirectioninthoughtPart3SciencePart4TheartsandliteratureConclusionIntroductionThe17thcenturywasthecenturywhichlastedfrom1601to17

2、00.Theprinciplequestionthataroseonthe17thcenturewastodowithauthority.InpoliticsItwasaboutwhohadtherighttoauthorityandinwhatwaysitshouldbeused.InphilosopyItwasaquestionofwhereauthoritylies,withintheindividualoroutsideoftheindividual.IntroductionInscienceItwastodowithestablishingtheauth

3、orityofevidencethroughtheuseofsciencemethod.InreligionItwasaboutwhetherauthoritylieswithintheindividualorwiththechurch.Part1Historicalbackground–religion,trade,governanceThreethingswerecrucialinthedevelopmentof17thcenturyEuropeansocieties:TheproblemofreligiousdifferencesThegrowthofat

4、radingmiddleclassThetheoriesandpracticeofgovernanceReligionLikeotherreligiousreformersofthetime,Huguenots胡格诺教徒feltthattheCatholicChurchneededradicalcleansingofitsimpurities,andthatthePoperuledtheChurchasifitwasaworldlykingdom.TheCatholicChurchinFranceopposedtheHuguenots,andtherewerein

5、cidentsofattacksonHuguenotpreachersandcongregants聚会者astheyattemptedtomeetforworship.Theheightofthispersecution迫害wastheSt.Bartholomew'sDaymassacre圣·巴多罗谬惨案(InFrench)St.Bartholomew'sDaymassacre圣·巴多罗谬惨案.OnemorningatthegatesoftheLouvreMillais'painting,AHuguenotonSt.Bartholomew'sdayKingHenr

6、yIVIn1598,KingHenryIVsignedtheEditofNantes南特诏书,whichmadetheendofthereligiouswars,andgavetheHuguenotstherighttoworshipintheirownway.ThirtyYears'War(inGermany)TheThirtyYears'War(1618–1648)wasoneofthemostdestructiveconflictsinEuropeanhistory.ThewarwasfoughtprimarilyinGermanyandatvariousp

7、ointsinvolvedmostofthecountriesofEurope.InitiallythewarwasfoughtlargelyasareligiousconflictbetweenProtestantsandCatholicsintheHolyRomanEmpire.ThirtyYears'War(inGermany)Gradually,thewardevelopedintoamoregeneralconflictinvolvingmostoftheEuropeanpowers.AmajorimpactoftheThirtyYears'Warwas

8、theex