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1、OntheArbitrarinessofLanguage组员：2008123404欧阳丽娟2008123406李婷婷2008123408段亚丹2008123409刘智敏WhatislanguageLanguageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolusedforhumancommunicationSixdesignfeaturesoflanguageArbitrarinessProductivityDualityDisplacementCulturaltransmissioninterchan
2、geabilityArbitrarinessItmeansthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsandsoundsForexample,betweentheword“book”andthethingweread.Thefactthatdifferentlanguagehavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisagoodillustrationofthearbitrarynatureoflanguage.Thisalsoexplainsth
3、esymbolicnatureoflanguage:wordsarejustsymbols;theyareassociatedwithobject,actions,ideas,etc.byconventionAsweallknow,differentsoundsareusedtorefertothesameobjectindifferentlanguages.eg:“havemeal” “tea” “book”Howevernotalllanguagesarearbitrary,forexample,onomatopo
4、eia:mew,coo,quack,chatter,buzz,hiss,howl.TipAlthoughlanguageisarbitrary,wecannotchangethisconventioncasually,ifeveryonecreatehisownsymbolstostandforthesameobjectsinalanguage,thesocietywillbecomechaotic.ConclusionEventhoughlanguageisarbitrary,thereisnospecialrule
5、stostipulatelanguageforms,allofusshouldobeytheconventionthatthesocietyacknowledged.Orelsetheworldwillbeinamass.Chapter1 InvitationstoLinguisticsDesignfeaturesofLanguageArbitrarinessDualityCreativityDisplacement???ThedefinitionofdesignfeaturesDesignfeatures:thedi
6、stinctivefeaturesthatdistinguishhumanlanguagefromthecommunicativesystemofotherspecies.BertrandRussellArbitrariness(任意性)Itreferstotheformsoflinguisticsignsbearnonaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaning.Therearedifferentlevelsofarbitrariness.a.thesoundofamorphemeanditsme
7、aning(flower,花;)b.arbitrarinessatthesyntacticlevelc.arbitrarinessandconvention(idioms)Whatisamorpheme?Amorphemeisthesmallestmeaningfulunitinthegrammarofalanguage.eg.unladylike,dogs,technique,etc.SomeidiomsThereareplentyoffishinthesea.Thesameknifecutsbreadandfing
8、ers.Theproofofthepuddingisintheeating.Don’ttroubletroubleuntiltroubletroublesyou.EvenHomersometimesnods.Accidentswillhappen.HewasanancientGreekepicpoet,traditionallys
