2019-2020年高考英语维“升”素8 科普知识（阅读理解）

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1、2019-2020年高考英语维“升”素8科普知识（阅读理解）维A1阅读理解(每题2分，满分8分)选材网站：http：//treehug/topic高考曾用材料：xx大纲全国卷ⅡB篇选材相似度：★★★设题相似度：★★★难度系数：★★★★★ScientistsatRoyalHolloway，UniversityofLondonandQueenMary，UniversityofLondonhavediscoveredthatbeeslearntoflytheshortestpossibleroutebetweenflowerseveniftheydiscoverthefl

2、owersinadifferentorder.Beesareeffectivelysolvingthe“travelingsalesmanproblem”，andtheyarethefirstcreaturesfoundtodothis.Thetravelingsalesmanmustfindtheshortestroutethatallowshimtovisitalllocationsonhisrouteputerssolveitbyparingthelengthofallpossibleroutesandchoosingtheshortest，anditcank

3、eepputersbusyfordays.However，beessolveitwithoutputerassistanceusingabrainthesizeofgrassseed.Dr.NigelRaine，fromtheSchoolofBiologicalSciencesatRoyalHollowayexplains，“Beessolvetravelingsalesmanproblemseveryday.Theyvisitflowersatmultiplelocationsandbecausebeesuselotsofenergytofly，theyfinda

4、routewhichkeepsflyingtoaminimum.”Theteamusedtheputertocontrolartificialflowerstotestwhetherbeeswouldfollowaroutedefinedbytheorderinwhichtheydiscoveredtheflowersoriftheywouldfindtheshortestroute.Afterexploringthelocationoftheflowers，beesquicklylearnedtoflytheshortestroute.Aswellasimprov

5、ingourunderstandingofhowbeesmovearoundthelandscapepollinatingcropsandwildflowers，thisresearch，whichisduetobepublishedinTheAmericanNaturalist，hasotherapplications.Ourlifestylereliesonnetworkssuchastrafficontheroads，informationflowontheWebandbusinesssupplychains.Byunderstandinghowbeescan

6、solvetheirproblemswithsuchatinybrain，wecanimproveourmanagementoftheseeverydaynetworkswithoutneedinglotsofputertime.Dr.Raineadds，“Despitetheirtinybrainsbeesarecapableofextraordinaryfeatsofbehavior.Weneedtounderstandhowtheycansolvethetravelingsalesmanproblemwithoutaputer.”Note：pollinatev

7、t.授粉【语篇解读】英国的科学家发现，蜜峰在花丛中飞行时，总是能够找到最近的路线，这个“销售员旅行难题”即使电脑也需要好几天才能解决。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　1．Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．BeeshelpsalesmentravelB．TroybrainedbeessolveaplexmathematicalproblemC．HowbeesdiscovertheflowersD．Howtosolvethe“travelingsalesmanproblem”答案　B　[主旨大意题。“销售员旅行难题”用