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1、Beliefsas Self-FulfillingPropheciesRogerBannisterOutlineBeliefsshaperealityHowitworksOptimizingoptimismRaisingourbeliefsWearewhatwethink. Allthatweareariseswithourthoughts. Withourthoughts,wemakeourworld.TheBuddhaPygmalionPygmalionPygmalionintheclassroom(Robe
2、rtRosenthal)IntheworkplaceJamieson(1987)“Treatamanasaheisandhewillremainasheis.Treatamanashecanandshouldbeandheshallbecomeashecanandshouldbe.”JohannWolfgangvonGoetheThePoweroftheSituationMilgram’sObediencetoAuthorityZimbardo’sPrisonExperimentThe(Positive)Powero
3、ftheSituationmenabove75weekin“1959”resortmentalandbiologicalagedecreasesLanger(1989)testingeyesightImproveswithroleLanger(1979)PositivePrimingBargh(1999)Dijksterhuis&VanKnippenberg(1998)Creatingapositiveenvironmentpictures(people,places,etc)pleasantobjects(memo
4、rabilia,flowers,etc)quotesbooks,films,musicpositiveresearchTheSelf-HelpMovement“Whateveryourmindcanconceiveandbelieveitcanachieve”NapoleonHill“Whetheryouthinkyoucanorcan’t—youareright”HenryFordTheSelf-HelpMovement“Havegreathopesanddaretogoalloutforthem.Havegrea
5、tdreamsanddaretolivethem.Havetremendousexpectationsandbelieveinthem.”NormanVincentPealeAlbertBanduraonSelfEfficacy“Beliefsinpersonalefficacyaffectlifechoices,levelofmotivation,qualityoffunctioning,resiliencetoadversityandvulnerabilitytostressanddepression.”“Peo
6、plewhoregardthemselvesashighlyefficaciousact,think,andfeeldifferentlyfromthosewhoperceivethemselvesasinefficacious.Theyproducetheirownfuture,ratherthansimplyforetellit.”CultivatedovertimeCurry(1997)oncollegeathletesNathanielBrandenonSelf-Esteem“Thelevelofoursel
7、f-esteemhasprofoundconsequencesforeveryaspectofourexistence:howweoperateintheworkplace,howwedealwithpeople,howhighwearelikelytorise,howmuchwearelikelytoachieve—and,inthepersonalrealm,withwhomwearelikelytofallinlove,howweinteractwithourspouse,children,andfriends
8、,whatlevelofpersonalhappinessweattain.”“Selfconceptisdestiny.”ThePlaceboEffectBeliefsasSelf-fulfillingPropheciesBeliefs ExpectationsPerformanceMotivationConsistencyInterpret
