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1、MarkTwain–MirrorofAmericaBackgroundinformationPennameMarkTwainMarkTwain’sLifeandWorksTheauthor＆thisissueMarkTwaintheNameTheKingoftheHumorists,MarkTwain,hisownnameisSamuelLanghorneClemens,bornonNovember30,1835,inthesmallvillageofFlorida,MonroeCounty,Missouri.Hediedin1910.Hispennamecamefromhisyearsw
2、orkingonMississippiriverboats,wheretwofathoms,adepthindicatingsafewaterforpassageofboat,wasmeasuredonthesoundingline.Twainisanarchaictermfor"two".Theriverboatman'scrywas"marktwain"or,morefully,"bythemarktwain",meaning"accordingtothemark[ontheline],[thedepthis]two[fathoms],"thatis,"Thewateris12feet
3、(3.7 m)deepanditissafetopass."Maybeyouwereknownthatmarktwainwasfamousforhishumorouswritingstyle,butactually,personaltragedyhauntedhisentirelife,inthedeathoflovedones.HisFamilyHewasborninalocallawyer‘sfamilyinMissouri,America.Hewasthesixthofsevenchildrenbutonlythreeofhissiblingssurvivedchildhood.Tw
4、ainwasborntwoweeksaftertheclosestapproachtoEarthofHalley’sComet（哈雷彗星）。HisFamilyInFebruary1870,TwainandLangdonweremarriedinElmira,NewYork,theirsonLangdondiedofdiphtheria(白喉，一种严重的传染病)at19 months.Theyhadthreedaughters:Susy(1872–1896),Clara(1874–1962)andJean(1880–1909).Theyallhadshotlife.在吐温4岁时，他们一家迁往
5、密苏里州汉尼拔（Hannibal）的一个密西西比河的港市，而这就成为了他后来的著作《汤姆·索亚历险记》和《顽童流浪记》中圣彼得堡的城市的灵感。那时，密苏里州是联邦的奴隶州，而年轻的吐温开始了解奴隶制，这成为了往后在他的历险小说中的主题。马克·吐温是色盲，而这激起了他在社交圈子的诙谐玩笑。HisworkingexperiencesPrinter’sapprenticeRiverpilotNewspaperreporterMarkTwainwrote28booksandalsopublishedcollectionsofshortstories.MarkTwainwascalledthe"Fa
6、therofAmericanLiterature"byWilliamFaulkner.Twain’sfirstbookwasTheInnocentsAbroad,whichwaspublishedin1869.TheAdventuresofTomSawyerwaspublishedin1876,andTheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnin1885.Writingspublishedposthumously（死后）wereLettersfromtheEarth,QueenVictoria'sJubilee,MarkTwain'sAutobiography,andMa
7、rkTwain'sNotebook.Hisworks1869TheInnocentsAbroadorTheNewPilgrim'sProgress1872RoughingIt1878Punch,Brothers,Punch!1880TrampAbroad,1882PrinceandThePauper1883LifeontheMississippi1889ConnecticutYankeeinKingArthur'sCou
