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1、InternationalTradeTheoryandPolicySchoolofEconomics,YunnanUniversityZhangJianhuaandZhangLinChap.1IntroductionOne.CourseOutlineBasictheoryinEconomics(AnalysisofcommodityandfactormobilityinopenMacroeconomybytoolsMicroeconomicsContents:PureTheoryinInternationalTrad
2、e(ReasonandInfluenceofInternationalTrade)PolicyofInternationalTrade（Policiesaimingatlimitingimportswhileencouragingexports）InstitutionsforInternationalTrade（WTOInstitutions）TwoBasicConceptsbalanceoftradeTradeSurplus（Exports＞Imports，FavorableBalanceofTrade）Trade
3、Deficit（Exports＜Imports，UnfavorableBalanceofTrade）TradeBalance（Exports＝Imports）TradeStructureCommodityStructureGeographicalStructureDependencyofTrade2004、2005年中国的贸易收支2004年中国对外贸易依存度接近70%2005年中国主要进出口商品Chap.3ComparativeCostandClassicalTradeTheoremInthischapter,wei
4、ntroducetheoremofinternationaltrade.Westartsuchintroductionlookingatcausesofinternationaltradeanditsinfluencesintheeconomy(inChap3,4,5and6),thenwewillanalyzetheinfluencesofeconomicsintrade.One,TheoryofAbsoluteCostTheoryofabsolutecostItisatheoreticalexplanationt
5、othecauseofinternationaltradeIntroducedbyAdamSmithinhis“WealthofNations”GraphofAbsoluteCostUnitCostCalculatedintermsoflaborUKPortugalCarpetWine4863Eachcountryproducesgoodsabsolutelylowincost,inexchangeforothercountries’goodsabsolutelylowincostTradebasedondivisi
6、onoflaborReasonoftradeisbecauseofdifferencesinabsolutecostCouldcountrieshavetradewithoutabsolutedifferencesincost?Chap3.2.ComparativeCostDavidRicardo，1817Background谷物法Cultivationofwheatexpands,landofgrassshrinks,andpriceofwoolgoesup小麦价格上涨LaborismoreexpansiveFoo
7、dexpendincreases,endgoodsexpenddecreasesRevengefromothercountries,exportofendproductsdecrease损害了资产阶级的利益要求自由贸易CaseofRicardianModelUnitCostCalculatedintermsoflaborBritainPortugalCarpetWine48610Assumptions：Twonations,twoproducts,onefactor,fixedproductivity,suffici
8、entemployment,perfectcompetition,non-mobilityoffactor,barter,notechnologicalimprovement,notransportationcostTheabsolutecostsofbothproductsinBritainislowerthanthatinPortugal,
