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1、外文翻译AnIntroductiontoFIDTechnologyMaterialSource:IEEECSandIEEEComSocAuthor:RoyWantInrecentyears,radiofrequencyidentificationtechnologyhasmovedfromobscurityintomainstreamapplicationsthathelpspeedthehandlingofmanufacturedgoodsandmaterials.RFIDenablesidentificati
2、onfromadistance,andunlikeearlierbar-codetechnology,itdoessowithoutrequiringalineofsight.1RFIDtagssupportalargersetofuniqueIDsthanbarcodesandcanincorporateadditionaldatasuchasmanufacturer,producttype,andevenmeasureenvironmentalfactorssuchastemperature.Furtherm
3、ore,RFIDsystemscandiscernmanydifferenttagslocatedinthesamegeneralareawithouthumanassistance.Incontrast,considerasupermarketcheckoutcounter,whereyoumustorienteachbar-codeditemtowardareaderbeforescanningit.Sowhyhasittakenover50yearsforthistechnologytobecomemain
4、stream?Theprimaryreasoniscost.Forelectronicidentificationtechnologiestocompetewiththerock-bottompricingofprintedsymbols,theymusteitherbeequallylow-costorprovideenoughaddedvalueforanorganizationtorecoverthecostelsewhere.RFIDisn’tascheapastraditionallabelingtec
5、hnologies,butitdoesofferaddedvalueandisnowatacriticalpricepointthatcouldenableitslarge-scaleadoptionformanagingconsumerretailgoods.HereIintroducetheprinciplesofRFID,discussitsprimarytechnologiesandapplications,andreviewthechallengesorganizationswillfaceindepl
6、oyingthistechnology.RFIDprinciplesManytypesofRFIDexist,butatthehighestlevel,wecandivideRFIDdevicesintotwoclasses:activeandpassive.Activetagsrequireapowersource—they’reeitherconnectedtoapoweredinfrastructureoruseenergystoredinanintegratedbattery.Inthelattercas
7、e,atag’slifetimeislimitedbythestoredenergy,balancedagainstthenumberofreadoperationsthedevicemustundergo.Oneexampleofanactivetagisthetransponderattachedtoanaircraftthatidentifiesitsnationalorigin.Anotherexa-mpleisaLoJackdeviceattachedtoacar,whichincorporatesce
8、llulartechnologyandaGPStolocatethecarifstolen.However,batteriesmakethecost,size,andlifetimeofactivetagsimpracticalfortheretailtrade.PassiveRFIDisofinterestbecausethetagsdon’trequirebatter
