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1、外文翻译RiskManagementMaterialSource:SpringerSeriesinReliabilityEngineering,2010,RisksinTechnologicalSystems,Pages175-198Author:TerjeAvenThischapterreviewsanddiscussesthebasicissuesandprinciplesofriskmanagement,including:lRiskacceptability(tolerability)lRiskreductionandtheALA
2、RPprinciplelCautionaryandprecautionaryprinciplesandpresentsacasestudyshowingtheimportanceoftheseissuesandprinciplesinapracticalmanagementcontext.Beforewetakeacloserlook,letusbrieflyaddresssomebasicfeaturesofriskmanagement.OverviewofRiskManagementThepurposeofriskmanagement
3、istoensurethatadequatemeasuresaretakentoprotectpeople,theenvironment,andassetsfrompossibleharmfulconsequencesoftheactivitiesbeingundertaken,aswellastobalancedifferentconcerns,inparticularrisksandcosts.Riskmanagementincludesmeasuresbothtoavoidthehazardsandtoreducetheirpote
4、ntialharm.Traditionally,inindustriessuchasnuclear,oilandgasriskmanagementwasbasedonaprescriptiveregulatingregime,inwhichdetailedrequirementsweresetwithregardtothedesignandoperationofthearrangements.Thisregimehasgraduallybeenreplacedbyamoregoal-orientedregime,puttingemphas
5、isonwhattoachieveratherthanonthemeansofachievingit.Riskmanagementisanintegralaspectofagoal-orientedregime(Figure12.1).Itisacknowledgedthatriskcannotbeeliminatedbutmustbemanaged.Thereisnowadaysanenormousdriveandenthusiasminvariousindustriesandinsocietyasawholetoimplementri
6、skmanagementinorganizations.Therearehighexpectationsthatriskmanagementistheproperframeworkthroughwhichtoachievehighlevelsofperformance.Riskmanagementinvolvesachievinganappropriatebalancebetweenrealizingopportunitiesforgainandminimizinglosses.Itisanintegralpartofgoodmanage
7、mentpracticeandanessentialelementofgoodcorporategovernance.Itisaniterativeprocessconsistingofstepsthat,whenundertakeninsequence,canleadtoacontinuousimprovementindecision-makingandfacilitateacontinuousimprovementinperformance.Tosupportdecision-makingregardingdesignandopera
8、tion,riskanalysesarecarriedout.Theyincludetheidentificationofhazardsandthreats,causeanalyses,con