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1、20"年4月英语专业四级考试语法总结时态、语态4.表达将来时的形式:(1)在时间、条件、让步从句屮,一般现在时代替将來时,但要注意区别从句的类型,如:111tellhimwhenyouwillringagain.(宾语从句)比较:THtellhimwhenyouringagain.(状语从句)(2)在makesure,makecertain,see(toit)后的that从句小,谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时,如:Seetoitthatyouineludeinthepaperwhateverquestionstheydidn'tk
2、nowtheanswertolasttime.(include不能用willinclude或其他形式)2.完成时是时态测试的重点,注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语:(1)by/between/upto/till+过去时间、since、bythetime/when+表示过去发生情况的从句,主句用过左完成时。女II:Wehadjusthadourbreakfastwhenanoldmancametothedoor.Between1897and1919atleast29motionpicturesinwhichartificialbei
3、ngswereportrayedhadbeenproduced.(农示1919年时已发生的情况)(2)by+将来时间、bythetim引when+谓语动词是-•般现在时的从句,宝句用将来完成时。如:BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,wewillhavestayedinEuropefortwoweeks.Ihopeherhealthwillhaveimprovedgreatlybythetimewecomebacknextyear.(3)bynow、since+过去时间、in/during/for/over/th
4、epast/lastfew(或具体数字)years/days/months,主旬用现在完成时,但在itis+具体时间since/before这--句型中,主句更多的时候不用完成时。如:Thechangesthathadtakenplaceinairtravelduringthelastsixtyyearswouldhaveseemedcompletelyimpossibletoeventhemostbrilliantscientistsattheturnofthe19thcentury.ItisfouryearssinceJohn
5、leftschool.(4)在Itisthe+序数词/形容词最高级+that的定语从句中,谓语动词常川现在完成时。如:Itisn'tthefirsttimethatIhavefoundmyselfinanembarrassingsituation.(5)在nosooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when...句型中,主句常用过去完成时。2.完成进行时指动作在完成时的基础上还要继续下去。如:Thecompanyhasbeenpromisingariseinsalaryforages,butnothi
6、nghashappened.时态、语态答题思路:(1)先根据选项的区别点确定考题要点为时态,然后冋到题句中寻找给出的或暗示的时间状语,缩小选择范围,进而选出正确答案;(2)根据谓语动词与句子主语或非谓语动词与英逻辑主语的关系,确定句子是主动语态还是被动语态。1.不定式做主语(1)引导逻辑主语的介词:不定式的逻辑主语一般由介词for■引导,但下列农示人的性格行为特征的形容词做表语时,不定式的逻辑主语则由of引导:absurd,bold,brave,courageous,careful,careless,clever,wise,foo
7、lish,silly,stupid,good,nice,kind,thoughtful,considerate,greedy,generous,honest,modest,polite,rude,cruel,selfish,lazy,wicked,wrong□如:Expertssaywalkingisoneofthebestwaysforapersontostayhealthy.Itscleverofyoutohaveinventedsuchadevice.(2)不定式做主语补足语:学握帘用不定式做主语补足语的句型。注意不定式农示
8、的动作发生的时间,并釆用相应形式。如:besaid/reported/thought/believed/known/supposed+todosth.1.不定式做宾语芈握要求接不定式做宾语的动词:afford,arrange,attempt,cla