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1、CharlesDickens,thegreatestrepresentative（代表）ofEnglishcriticalrealism（批判现实主义）,wasbornin1812atPortsmouth.Whenhewasfouryearsold,hisfamilymovedtoChatham,andthefiveyearshespenttherewerethehappiestofallhisboyhood.Oneday,hefoundapileofEnglishnovels,whicharousedhiscuriosity.Nowthekeytothe
2、treasure-houseofliteraturehadbeenputinhishand.In1821theDickensfamilymovedtoapoorquarterinLondon.M匚Dickenswasheavilyindebtanddidnotknowwhichwaytoturnformoney.FinallyhewastakentotheMarshalseaPrison,London,fordebt.ShortlyafterwardsMrs.Dickensandtheyoungerchildrenwenttotheprison,too,t
3、ojointhefathe匚The12・year-oldCharleswassenttoworkinafactoryintheEastEndofLondon.Worktherebeganateightinthemorningandendedateightatnight.Sundayshespentattheprison,andduringtheweekhewasoutworkingallday.Hismiserablelifeatthefactoryleftaneverlasting,painfulbrandontheboy'smind.Yearslate
4、r,whenhewasaman,hewouldnotwalkbytheplacewherethefactoryhadlain.AllthishadadeepinfluenceonDickens'thoughtandworkinafteryears-CharlesDickensvisitedAmericaninthefallof1867.Whereverhewent,thereceptionwasalwaysthesame.Thenightbeforeticketswentonsale,crowdsarrivedandlinedupbeforethedoo匚
5、Bymorningthestreetsbecamecampgroundswithmen,women,andchildrensittingorsleepingrightthere.Hustlers（票贩子）wereasking$25for$2ticketsand$50for$5seats.InNewYorkCity,over5,000peoplewaitedfromnineo'clockinthemorningfortheeveningperformance.Everywherethereadingsweresuccessful,butaudienceswe
6、resurprisedtoheartheirfavoritenovelcharactersspeakwithanEnglishaccent.After76readings,DickensgotonashipforEngland.Whenhisfellowpassengersrequestedareading,herepliedthatratherthanreadaword,hewouldassault（殴打）thecaptainandbeputinprison.ThePickwickPapers,OliverTwist,AChristmasCarol,Da
7、vidCopperfield,BleakHouse,HardTimes,ATaleofTwoCities,GreatExpectations,OurMutualFriend主要内容:Oliverhimselfisborninaworkhouseandtreatedcruellythereaswasthenormatthetimeforpauperchildren,inparticularbyBumble,aparishcouncilofficialoreadleThestoryfollowsOliverasheescapestheworkhouseandr
8、unsawaytoLondon・Herehereceivesane
